Unsaponifiable lipids or without fatty acids
The unsaponifiable lipids do not contain fatty acids, so do not form soaps. This group is made up of:
- The terpenes or isoprenoid.
- The steroids.
- The prostaglandins.
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Biology 2nd Baccalaureate 3.2.3. Unsaponifiable lipids or without fatty acidsUnsaponifiable lipids or without fatty acidsThe unsaponifiable lipids do not contain fatty acids, so do not form soaps. This group is made up of:
The terpenes or isoprenoid are linear or cyclic molecules formed by the polymerization of the isoprene or 2-methyl-1,3-butadiene . The classification of terpenes is based on the number of isoprene molecules they contain. According to this number, the following types of terpenes are distinguished:
The steroids are lipids derived from the steranes or cyclopentane perhidrofenantreno. Steroids are divided into: sterols and steroid hormones.
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Some sterolsCholesterolThe cholesterol is part of cell membranes of animals, which regulates its flow, giving stability, since it is among the phospholipids. Cholesterol is abundant in the body, and it is the molecule that serves as a precursor to the rest of the steroids. Bile acidsThe bile acids are synthesized in the liver from the cholesterol. The salts of these acids form bile, which is responsible for the emulsion of fats in the intestine during digestion. Vitamins DThe group of vitamins D regulate calcium metabolism and its intestinal absorption. Each vitamin D comes from a different sterol. Thus, vitamin D2 or calcinerol is formed from ergosterol, of vegetable origin; the vitamin D3 or cholecalciferol comes from the cholesterol, etc. Its synthesis is induced by ultraviolet rays on the skin. Its deficiency causes rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults. EstradiolThe estradiol is the hormone responsible for regulating the appearance of secondary sexual characteristics female and maturation of the ovum. SteroidsThe steroids are unsaponifiable lipids, fatty acids and no cyclic structure. Some steroid hormonesThey are produced in the cortex of the adrenal glands. The adrenal hormones are:
Among the sex hormones are:
The prostaglandins are lipids whose basic molecule is prostanoato, consisting of 20 carbons forming a cyclopentane ring and two aliphatic chains. Prostaglandins were discovered in prostate secretions, that is their name. They are synthesized from polyunsaturated fatty acids that are part of the phospholipids of cell membranes. They have very different functions such as production of substances that regulate the clotting of blood and wound closure; sensitization of pain receptors and initiation of capillary vasodilation, leading to inflammation after blows, wounds, or infections; the appearance of fever as a defense in infections; the decrease in blood pressure by promoting the elimination of substances in the kidney; reducing the secretion of gastric juices, facilitating the healing of stomach ulcers; the regulation of the female reproductive system and the initiation of labor. Fundamental Ideas About CholesterolThe cholesterol is an unsaponifiable lipid (no fatty acid) of the group of steroids, derivatives of the steranes or cyclopentane perhidrofenantreno . It is part of the membranes of eukaryotic animal cells, situated between the phospholipids, giving them stability and regulating their fluidity. In plant cells there is phytosterol, another analogous sterol. Cholesterol serves as a precursor for the rest of the steroids. Licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike License 4.0 |
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