10. Molecular genetics

PAU contents

DNA, a molecule that carries hereditary information.
The duplication or replication of DNA.
(Explain the process in prokaryotes. It is not necessary to differentiate the different types of DNA polymerase; With respect to eukaryotes, refer to the S phase of the cell cycle).

Differences with eukaryotes.
Molecular gene concept.
Schematic identification: identify the replication fork, leader strand, delayed strand, Okazaki fragments, and replication complex.

PAU contents

The transcription:
- The transcription. General description of the process in prokaryotes: initiation, elongation and termination. (Knowledge of the maturation of ribosomal and transfer RNAs will not be required).
The translation or biosynthesis of proteins:
- Characteristics of the genetic code. The codon.
- The translation: General description of the process in prokaryotes.
  - Activation of amino acids or formation of the amino acid-transfer RNA complex.
  - Initiation.
  - Exclusively knowing that amino acids have to be activated, without going into molecular details.
  - Elongation (binding of aminoacyl-tRNA, peptide bond and translocation).
  - Termination.

BLOCK 3: Genetics and evolution
CONTENTS: Molecular or chemical genetics of heredity. Identification of DNA as the carrier of genetic information. Gene concept. DNA replication. Stages of replication. Differences between the replicative process between eukaryotes and prokaryotes. The RNA. Types and functions. The expression of genes. Genetic transcription and translation in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. The genetic code in genetic information. Mutations. Types. Mutagenic agents. Mutations and cancer. Implications of mutations in the evolution and appearance of new species. Genetic engineering Current main lines of research. Genetically modified organisms. Genome project: Social repercussions and ethical evaluations of genetic manipulation and new gene therapies. Mendelian genetics. Chromosomal theory of heredity. Sex determinism and sex-linked inheritance influenced by sex. Evidence of the evolutionary process. Darwinism and Neo-Darwinism: The Synthetic Theory of Evolution. Natural selection Beginning. Mutation, recombination and adaptation. Evolution and biodiversity.

Crit.BI.3.1. Analyze the role of DNA as a carrier of genetic information. FCTC-CCL

Est.BI.3.1.1. It describes the structure and chemical composition of DNA, recognizing its biological importance as a molecule responsible for the storage, conservation and transmission of genetic information.

Crit.BI.3.2. Distinguish the stages of replication by differentiating the enzymes involved in it. FCTC

Est.BI.3.2.1. Differentiate the stages of replication and identify the enzymes involved in it.

Crit.BI.3.3. Establish the relationship of DNA with protein synthesis. FCTC

Est.BI.3.3.1. Establishes the relationship of DNA with the process of protein synthesis.

Crit.BI.3.4. Determine the characteristics and functions of RNAs. FCTC

Est.BI.3.4.1. It differentiates the types of RNA, as well as the function of each one of them in the transcription and translation processes.

Est.BI.3.4.2. Recognize the fundamental characteristics of the genetic code by applying this knowledge to solving problems in molecular genetics.

Crit.BI.3.5. Elaborate and interpret diagrams of the replication, transcription and translation processes. FCTC-CCL

Est.BI.3.5.1 -Est.BI.3.5.3. Interprets and explains diagrams of the replication, transcription and translation processes, identifying, distinguishing and differentiating the main enzymes related to these processes.

Est.BI.3.5.2. Solve practical exercises on replication, transcription and translation, and on the application of the genetic code.

Crit.BI.3.6. Define the concept of mutation distinguishing the main types and mutagenic agents. FCTC-CCL

Est.BI.3.6.1. Describes the concept of mutation establishing its relationship with failures in the transmission of genetic information.

Est.BI.3.6.2. Classify mutations by identifying the most common mutagenic agents.

Crit.BI.3.7. Contrast the relationship between mutation and cancer. FCTC

Est.BI.3.7.1. Associates the relationship between the mutation and cancer, determining the risks involved in some mutagenic agents.

Crit.BI.3.8. Develop the most recent advances in the field of genetic engineering, as well as its applications. FCTC-CAA

Est.BI.3.8.1. It summarizes and conducts research on the techniques developed in genetic manipulation processes to obtain transgenic organisms.

Crit.BI.3 9. Analyze progress in the knowledge of the human genome and its influence on new treatments. FCTC-CSC

Est.BI.3.9.1. It recognizes the most recent discoveries about the human genome and its applications in genetic engineering, assessing their ethical and social implications.

Crit.BI.3.10. Formulate the principles of Mendelian Genetics, applying the laws of inheritance in problem solving and FCTC

Est.BI.3.10.1. Analyze and predict by applying the principles of Mendelian genetics, the results of exercises of transmission of autosomal traits, traits linked to sex and influenced by sex.

Crit.BI.3.11. Differentiate different evidences of the evolutionary process. FCTC

Est.BI.3.11.1. It argues different evidences that demonstrate the evolutionary fact.

Crit.BI.3.12. Recognize, differentiate and distinguish the principles of Darwinian and neo-Darwinian theory. FCTC

Est.BI.3.12.1. Identify the principles of Darwinian and Neo-Darwinian theory, comparing their differences.

Crit.BI.3.13. Relate genotype and gene frequencies with population genetics and their influence on evolution. FCTC

Est.BI.3.13.1. Distinguish the factors that influence gene frequencies.

Est.BI.3.13.2. Understand and apply gene frequency study models in private research and in theoretical models.

Crit.BI.3.14. Recognize the importance of mutation and recombination. FCTC

Crit.BI.3.15. Analyze the factors that increase biodiversity and their influence on the speciation process. FCTC

Est.BI.3.14.1. It illustrates the relationship between mutation and recombination, the increase in diversity and its influence on the evolution of living beings.

Est.BI.3.15.1. Distinguish types of speciation, identifying the factors that enable the segregation of an original species into two different species.

BOE Access to the University. Block 3. Genetics and evolution

It describes the structure and chemical composition of DNA, recognizing its biological importance as a molecule responsible for the storage, conservation and transmission of genetic information.
Differentiate the stages of replication and identify the enzymes involved in it.
Establishes the relationship of DNA with the process of protein synthesis.
It differentiates the types of RNA, as well as the function of each of them in the transcription and translation processes.
It recognizes the fundamental characteristics of the genetic code applying this knowledge to the resolution of molecular genetic problems.
Interpret and explain diagrams of the replication, transcription and translation processes.
Solve practical exercises on replication, transcription and translation, and on the application of the genetic code. Identify, distinguish and differentiate the main enzymes related to the transcription and translation processes.
Describes the concept of mutation establishing its relationship with failures in the transmission of genetic information.
Classify mutations by identifying the most common mutagenic agents.
Analyzes and predicts, applying the principles of Mendelian genetics, the results of exercises for the transmission of autosomal traits, traits linked to sex and influenced by sex.
It argues different evidences that demonstrate the evolutionary fact.
Identify the principles of Darwinian and Neo-Darwinian theory, comparing their differences.
It illustrates the relationship between mutation and recombination, the increase in diversity and its influence on the evolution of living beings.

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BIOLOGÍA - GEOLOGÍA . COM
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Skip navigation Biology 2nd Baccalaureate Biology 2nd Bac. 1. Bioelements and biomolecules. Water and mineral salts 1.1. Chemical bonds in biology 1.1.1. Intramolecular bonds 1.1.1.1. Covalent bond 1.1.1.2. Ionic bond 1.1.2. Intermolecular bonds 1.1.2.1. Van der Waals forces 1.1.2.2. Hydrogen bonds 1.2. The chemical basis of life: inorganic and organic components 1.2.1. Primary bioelements 1.2.2. Secondary bioelements 1.2.3. Trace elements 1.3. The immediate principles or biomolecules 1.3.1. Water 1.3.1.1. Chemical structure of water 1.3.1.2. Properties and functions of water 1.3.2. Mineral salts 1.3.2.1. Functions of salts in solution 1.3.2.2. Colloidal solutions and dispersions 1.3.2.3. Properties of colloidal dispersions 1.3.2.4. Diffusion, osmosis and dialysis 1.3.2.4.1. Diffusion 1.3.2.4.2. Osmosis 1.3.2.4.3. Dialysis 1.4. Bibliography 2. Glucides 2.1. Glucid concept 2.2. Classification of carbohydrates 2.3. Monosaccharides 2.3.1. Trioses 2.3.1.1. Spatial isomerism or stereoisomerism 2.3.2. Tetroses 2.3.3. Pentoses 2.3.3.1. Monosaccharide cyclization 2.3.4. Hexoses 2.4. The N-glucosidic and O-glucosidic bonds 2.4.1. Substances derived from monosaccharides 2.5. Disaccharides 2.6. Polysaccharides 2.6.1. Homopolysaccharides 2.6.1.1. Reserve homopolysaccharides 2.6.1.2. Structural homopolysaccharides 2.6.2. Heteropolysaccharides 2.6.3. Heterosides 2.7. General functions of glucides 2.8. Bibliography 3. Lipids 3.1. Lipid concept 3.2. Classification of lipids 3.2.1. Fatty acids 3.2.1.1. Saturated and unsaturated fatty acids 3.2.1.2. Chemical properties of fatty acids 3.2.1.3. Physical properties of fatty acids 3.2.1.4. Fatty Acid Functions 3.2.2. Saponifiable lipids or with fatty acids 3.2.2.1. Simple lipids 3.2.2.1.1. Acylglycerides 3.2.2.1.2. Cerides 3.2.2.2. Complex lipids 3.2.2.2.1. Phospholipids 3.2.2.2.2. Glycolipids 3.2.3. Unsaponifiable lipids or without fatty acids 3.3. Lipid functions 3.4. Bibliography 4. Proteins 4.1. Introduction to proteins 4.2. Amino acids 4.2.1. Classification of amino acids 4.2.2. Properties of amino acids 4.3. The peptide bond 4.4. Protein 4.4.1. Protein structure 4.4.1.1. Primary structure of proteins 4.4.1.2. Secondary structure of proteins 4.4.1.3. Tertiary structure of proteins 4.4.1.4. Quaternary structure of proteins 4.4.2. Protein properties 4.4.3. Classification of proteins 4.4.3.1. Holoproteins 4.4.3.2. Heteroproteins 4.4.4. Protein functions 4.5. Enzymes 4.5.1. Structure of enzymes 4.5.2. The active center of enzymes 4.5.3. General Mechanism of Enzyme Catalysis 4.5.4. Regulation of enzyme activity 4.5.5. Allosteric enzymes 4.5.6. Nomenclature and classification of enzymes 4.6. The vitamins 4.6.1. Fat-soluble vitamins 4.6.2. Water soluble vitamins 4.7. Bibliography 5. Nucleotides and nucleic acids 5.1. The chemical composition of nucleic acids 5.1.1. Components of nucleic acids 5.1.2. Concept, types and functions of nucleic acids 5.1.3. Nucleosides 5.1.4. Nucleotides 5.1.4.1. Nucleotide functions 5.1.5. Nucleic acids 5.2. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) 5.2.1. DNA structure 5.2.1.1. Primary structure of DNA 5.2.1.2. Secondary structure of DNA 5.2.1.3. Tertiary structure of DNA 5.2.1.3.1. Tertiary structure of DNA in prokaryotes 5.2.1.3.2. Tertiary structure of DNA in eukaryotes 5.2.1.4. Quaternary structure of DNA 5.2.2. DNA types 5.2.3. Genetic material: chromatin and chromosomes 5.2.3.1. Karyotype and karyogram 5.3. Ribonucleic acid (RNA) 5.3.1. RNA types 5.3.1.1. Transfer RNA 5.3.1.2. Messenger RNA 5.3.1.3. Ribosomal RNA 5.3.1.4. Nucleolar RNA 5.3.1.5. Small nuclear RNA 5.3.2. Functions of ribonucleic acids 5.4. Bibliography 6. Cell morphology 6.1. Cell concept 6.1.1. Cell history 6.1.2. Cell theory 6.2. Levels of cellular organization 6.2.1. General characteristics of cells 6.2.2. Prokaryotic cells 6.2.2.1. Prokaryotic cell morphology 6.2.2.2. Structure of prokaryotes 6.2.2.2.1. Bacterial capsule 6.2.2.2.2. Bacterial wall 6.2.2.2.3. Plasma membrane 6.2.2.2.4. Cytoplasm-Ribosomes-Inclusions 6.2.2.2.5. Bacterial DNA 6.2.2.2.6. Bacterial appendages 6.2.2.3. Bacteria Physiology 6.2.3. Eukaryotic cells 6.2.3.1. Animal and plant cell 6.2.3.1.1. Animal eukaryotic cell 6.2.3.1.2. Plant eukaryotic cell 6.2.3.2. Cell Evolution: Endosymbiont Theory 6.3. Size, shape and quantity 6.4. The plasma membrane 6.4.1. Chemical composition of the membrane 6.4.2. The structure of the membrane. The fluid mosaic model 6.4.3. Functions of the plasma membrane 6.4.4. Transport across the membrane 6.4.4.1. Small molecule transport 6.4.4.2. Macromolecule transport 6.4.5. Plasma membrane differentiations 6.5. The cell wall of plant cells 6.5.1. Chemical composition of the cell wall 6.5.2. Cell wall structure 6.5.3. Cell wall differentiations 6.5.4. Cell wall functions 6.6. Extracellular matrix or glucocalyx 6.7. Cytosol or hyaloplasm 6.8. The cytoskeleton 6.8.1. Microfilaments or actin filaments 6.8.2. Intermediate filaments 6.8.3. Microtubules 6.9. Cell membrane and organelle systems 6.9.1. Membrane systems 6.9.1.1. The endoplasmic reticulum 6.9.1.2. Golgi apparatus 6.9.2. Cell organelles 6.9.2.1. Lysosomes 6.9.2.2. Peroxisomes 6.9.2.3. Vacuoles 6.9.2.4. Mitochondria 6.9.2.4.1. Functions of the mitochondria 6.9.2.5. Plastids 6.9.2.5.1. Chloroplasts 6.9.2.6. Ribosomes 6.9.2.7. Centrosome 6.9.2.8. Cilia and flagella 6.10. Cell motility 6.11. The cell nucleus 6.11.1. Characteristics of the cell nucleus 6.11.2. The interphase nucleus 6.11.3. The mitotic nucleus or nucleus in division 6.12. Bibliography 7. Metabolism 7.1. Metabolism 7.1.1. Energetic Aspects of Cellular Chemical Reactions 7.2. Catabolism 7.2.1. Catabolism and obtaining energy 7.2.2. Carbohydrate catabolism 7.2.2.1. Glycolysis 7.2.2.2. Cellular respiration 7.2.2.2.1. Oxidative decarboxylation 7.2.2.2.2. Krebs cycle 7.2.2.2.3. Electron transport chain 7.2.2.2.4. Energy balance of cellular respiration 7.2.2.3. Fermentations 7.2.2.3.1. Alcoholic or ethyl fermentation 7.2.2.3.2. Lactic fermentation 7.2.2.3.3. Other types of fermentations 7.3. Anabolism 7.3.1. Autotrophic anabolism 7.3.2. Photosynthesis 7.3.2.1. Photochemical or light phase 7.3.2.1.1. Photosystems 7.3.2.1.2. Photophosphorylation 7.3.2.1.2.1. Non cyclic photophosphorylation 7.3.2.1.2.2. Cyclic photophosphorylation 7.3.2.2. Biosynthetic or dark phase 7.3.2.3. Factors influencing photosynthesis 7.3.2.4. Products of photosynthesis 7.3.3. Chemosynthesis 7.4. Bibliography 8. Cell reproduction 8.1. The cell cycle 8.1.1. Interphase 8.1.2. Cellular division 8.2. Cellular division 8.2.1. Mitosis 8.2.1.1. Prophase 8.2.1.2. Metaphase 8.2.1.3. Anaphase 8.2.1.4. Telophase 8.2.1.5. Cytokinesis 8.2.1.6. More on mitosis 8.2.2. Meiosis 8.2.2.1. Meiosis I 8.2.2.2. Meiosis II 8.2.3. Meiosis and sexual reproduction 8.2.4. Meiosis and life cycle 8.2.5. Biological importance of meiosis 8.3. Differences and similarities between mitosis and meiosis 8.4. Bibliography 9. Classical genetics 9.1. Genetics basics 9.2. Mendelian genetics 9.2.1. The method 9.2.2. Mendel's Laws 9.2.2.1. Mendel's first law or principle of uniformity in the first generation 9.2.2.2. Mendel's second law or principle of segregation 9.2.2.2.1. Backcross and test crossover 9.2.2.3. Mendel's third law or principle of independent combination 9.3. Gene interaction 9.3.1. Gene interaction between allelic genes 9.3.2. Gene interaction between non-allelic genes that influence for the same trait 9.4. Chromosomal theory of heredity 9.5. Ligation and recombination 9.6. Complex mendelism 9.6.1. Multiple allelism 9.6.1.1. Lethal genes 9.6.2. Pleiotropy 9.6.3. Expressiveness and genetic penetrance 9.7. Sex-linked inheritance 9.7.1. Y-linked inheritance 9.7.2. X-linked inheritance 9.8. Heredity influenced by sex 9.9. Bibliography 10. Molecular genetics 10.1. DNA as hereditary material 10.2. DNA replication 10.2.1. The need for DNA replication 10.2.2. First hypotheses about DNA duplication 10.2.3. Meselson and Stahl experiment 10.2.4. The sense of growth of the new strands 10.2.5. Mechanism of DNA replication 10.2.5.1. Replication in prokaryotes 10.2.5.2. Replication in eukaryotes 10.2.6. Error correction 10.2.7. Enzymes involved in replication 10.3. Gene concept 10.4. "One gene-one enzyme" theory 10.5. Transcription 10.5.1. Mechanism of transcription 10.5.1.1. Transcription in prokaryotes 10.5.1.2. Eukaryotic transcription 10.6. Translation or protein biosynthesis 10.6.1. The genetic code 10.6.2. Mechanism of translation of RNA to proteins 10.6.2.1. Translation in eukaryotes 10.7. Regulation of gene expression 10.8. Bibliography 11. Genetics and evolution 11.1. Mutations 11.2. Types of mutations 11.2.1. Gene or point mutation 11.2.2. Chromosomal or structural mutation 11.2.3. Mutation at the genomic level 11.3. Causes of mutations 11.4. Evolutionary implications of mutations 11.5. Metabolic implications of mutations 11.6. Bibliography 12. Microbiology and biotechnology 12.1. Microbiology 12.2. Viruses 12.2.1. Viral morphology 12.2.2. Viral physiology 12.2.2.1. Lytic cycle 12.2.2.2. Lysogenic cycle 12.2.2.3. Cycles of viruses of special interest 12.2.2.3.1. Flu virus life cycle 12.2.2.3.2. Life cycle of the AIDS virus 12.3. Other acellular forms 12.3.1. Viroids 12.3.2. Prions 12.4. Biotechnology 12.5. Bibliography 13. Immunology 13.1. Infection concept 13.2. Defense mechanisms against infections 13.2.1. Nonspecific mechanisms 13.2.1.1. Primary barriers: external defenses 13.2.1.2. Secondary barriers: internal defenses 13.2.2. Specific mechanisms 13.3. Immunity and immune system 13.3.1. Components of the immune system 13.3.2. Concept and nature of antigens 13.4. The immune response 13.4.1. Humoral immune response: the antibodies 13.4.1.1. Antibody-producing cells: B lymphocytes 13.4.1.2. Antibodies 13.4.1.2.1. Types of antibodies 13.4.1.2.2. Antigen-antibody reaction 13.4.1.3. Immune memory: primary and secondary responses 13.4.2. Cellular immune response: T lymphocytes 13.5. Types of immunity 13.5.1. Natural immunity 13.5.2. Artificial immunity 13.6. Immune system disorders 13.6.1. Autoimmunity 13.6.2. Hypersensitivity 13.6.3. Immunodeficiency 13.6.4. Transplants and the phenomenon of rejections 13.7. Bibliography « Previous \| Next » 10. Molecular genetics PAU contents DNA, a molecule that carries hereditary information. The duplication or replication of DNA. (Explain the process in prokaryotes. It is not necessary to differentiate the different types of DNA polymerase; With respect to eukaryotes, refer to the S phase of the cell cycle). Differences with eukaryotes. Molecular gene concept. Schematic identification: identify the replication fork, leader strand, delayed strand, Okazaki fragments, and replication complex. PAU contents The transcription: The transcription. General description of the process in prokaryotes: initiation, elongation and termination. (Knowledge of the maturation of ribosomal and transfer RNAs will not be required). The translation or biosynthesis of proteins: Characteristics of the genetic code. The codon. The translation: General description of the process in prokaryotes. Activation of amino acids or formation of the amino acid-transfer RNA complex. Initiation. Exclusively knowing that amino acids have to be activated, without going into molecular details. Elongation (binding of aminoacyl-tRNA, peptide bond and translocation). Termination. BLOCK 3: Genetics and evolution CONTENTS: Molecular or chemical genetics of heredity. Identification of DNA as the carrier of genetic information. Gene concept. DNA replication. Stages of replication. Differences between the replicative process between eukaryotes and prokaryotes. The RNA. Types and functions. The expression of genes. Genetic transcription and translation in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. The genetic code in genetic information. Mutations. Types. Mutagenic agents. Mutations and cancer. Implications of mutations in the evolution and appearance of new species. Genetic engineering Current main lines of research. Genetically modified organisms. Genome project: Social repercussions and ethical evaluations of genetic manipulation and new gene therapies. Mendelian genetics. Chromosomal theory of heredity. Sex determinism and sex-linked inheritance influenced by sex. Evidence of the evolutionary process. Darwinism and Neo-Darwinism: The Synthetic Theory of Evolution. Natural selection Beginning. Mutation, recombination and adaptation. Evolution and biodiversity. Crit.BI.3.1. Analyze the role of DNA as a carrier of genetic information. FCTC-CCL Est.BI.3.1.1. It describes the structure and chemical composition of DNA, recognizing its biological importance as a molecule responsible for the storage, conservation and transmission of genetic information. Crit.BI.3.2. Distinguish the stages of replication by differentiating the enzymes involved in it. FCTC Est.BI.3.2.1. Differentiate the stages of replication and identify the enzymes involved in it. Crit.BI.3.3. Establish the relationship of DNA with protein synthesis. FCTC Est.BI.3.3.1. Establishes the relationship of DNA with the process of protein synthesis. Crit.BI.3.4. Determine the characteristics and functions of RNAs. FCTC Est.BI.3.4.1. It differentiates the types of RNA, as well as the function of each one of them in the transcription and translation processes. Est.BI.3.4.2. Recognize the fundamental characteristics of the genetic code by applying this knowledge to solving problems in molecular genetics. Crit.BI.3.5. Elaborate and interpret diagrams of the replication, transcription and translation processes. FCTC-CCL Est.BI.3.5.1 -Est.BI.3.5.3. Interprets and explains diagrams of the replication, transcription and translation processes, identifying, distinguishing and differentiating the main enzymes related to these processes. Est.BI.3.5.2. Solve practical exercises on replication, transcription and translation, and on the application of the genetic code. Crit.BI.3.6. Define the concept of mutation distinguishing the main types and mutagenic agents. FCTC-CCL Est.BI.3.6.1. Describes the concept of mutation establishing its relationship with failures in the transmission of genetic information. Est.BI.3.6.2. Classify mutations by identifying the most common mutagenic agents. Crit.BI.3.7. Contrast the relationship between mutation and cancer. FCTC Est.BI.3.7.1. Associates the relationship between the mutation and cancer, determining the risks involved in some mutagenic agents. Crit.BI.3.8. Develop the most recent advances in the field of genetic engineering, as well as its applications. FCTC-CAA Est.BI.3.8.1. It summarizes and conducts research on the techniques developed in genetic manipulation processes to obtain transgenic organisms. Crit.BI.3 9. Analyze progress in the knowledge of the human genome and its influence on new treatments. FCTC-CSC Est.BI.3.9.1. It recognizes the most recent discoveries about the human genome and its applications in genetic engineering, assessing their ethical and social implications. Crit.BI.3.10. Formulate the principles of Mendelian Genetics, applying the laws of inheritance in problem solving and FCTC Est.BI.3.10.1. Analyze and predict by applying the principles of Mendelian genetics, the results of exercises of transmission of autosomal traits, traits linked to sex and influenced by sex. Crit.BI.3.11. Differentiate different evidences of the evolutionary process. FCTC Est.BI.3.11.1. It argues different evidences that demonstrate the evolutionary fact. Crit.BI.3.12. Recognize, differentiate and distinguish the principles of Darwinian and neo-Darwinian theory. FCTC Est.BI.3.12.1. Identify the principles of Darwinian and Neo-Darwinian theory, comparing their differences. Crit.BI.3.13. Relate genotype and gene frequencies with population genetics and their influence on evolution. FCTC Est.BI.3.13.1. Distinguish the factors that influence gene frequencies. Est.BI.3.13.2. Understand and apply gene frequency study models in private research and in theoretical models. Crit.BI.3.14. Recognize the importance of mutation and recombination. FCTC Crit.BI.3.15. Analyze the factors that increase biodiversity and their influence on the speciation process. FCTC Est.BI.3.14.1. It illustrates the relationship between mutation and recombination, the increase in diversity and its influence on the evolution of living beings. Est.BI.3.15.1. Distinguish types of speciation, identifying the factors that enable the segregation of an original species into two different species. BOE Access to the University. Block 3. Genetics and evolution It describes the structure and chemical composition of DNA, recognizing its biological importance as a molecule responsible for the storage, conservation and transmission of genetic information. Differentiate the stages of replication and identify the enzymes involved in it. Establishes the relationship of DNA with the process of protein synthesis. It differentiates the types of RNA, as well as the function of each of them in the transcription and translation processes. It recognizes the fundamental characteristics of the genetic code applying this knowledge to the resolution of molecular genetic problems. Interpret and explain diagrams of the replication, transcription and translation processes. Solve practical exercises on replication, transcription and translation, and on the application of the genetic code. Identify, distinguish and differentiate the main enzymes related to the transcription and translation processes. Describes the concept of mutation establishing its relationship with failures in the transmission of genetic information. Classify mutations by identifying the most common mutagenic agents. Analyzes and predicts, applying the principles of Mendelian genetics, the results of exercises for the transmission of autosomal traits, traits linked to sex and influenced by sex. It argues different evidences that demonstrate the evolutionary fact. Identify the principles of Darwinian and Neo-Darwinian theory, comparing their differences. It illustrates the relationship between mutation and recombination, the increase in diversity and its influence on the evolution of living beings. Licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike License 4.0 « Previous \| Next » These pages are semi-automatically translated from the web Biology 2nd Baccalaureate. Biología de 2º de Bachillerato (biologia-geologia.com). You can make any suggestion, question, comment, ..., in our forum 2º Bachillerato Biología - Foro de biologia-geologia.com
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Est.BI.3.1.1. It describes the structure and chemical composition of DNA, recognizing its biological importance as a molecule responsible for the storage, conservation and transmission of genetic information.

Est.BI.3.2.1. Differentiate the stages of replication and identify the enzymes involved in it.

Est.BI.3.3.1. Establishes the relationship of DNA with the process of protein synthesis.

Est.BI.3.4.1. It differentiates the types of RNA, as well as the function of each one of them in the transcription and translation processes.

Est.BI.3.4.2. Recognize the fundamental characteristics of the genetic code by applying this knowledge to solving problems in molecular genetics.

Est.BI.3.5.1 -Est.BI.3.5.3. Interprets and explains diagrams of the replication, transcription and translation processes, identifying, distinguishing and differentiating the main enzymes related to these processes.

Est.BI.3.5.2. Solve practical exercises on replication, transcription and translation, and on the application of the genetic code.

Est.BI.3.6.1. Describes the concept of mutation establishing its relationship with failures in the transmission of genetic information.

Est.BI.3.6.2. Classify mutations by identifying the most common mutagenic agents.

Est.BI.3.7.1. Associates the relationship between the mutation and cancer, determining the risks involved in some mutagenic agents.

Est.BI.3.8.1. It summarizes and conducts research on the techniques developed in genetic manipulation processes to obtain transgenic organisms.

Est.BI.3.9.1. It recognizes the most recent discoveries about the human genome and its applications in genetic engineering, assessing their ethical and social implications.

Est.BI.3.10.1. Analyze and predict by applying the principles of Mendelian genetics, the results of exercises of transmission of autosomal traits, traits linked to sex and influenced by sex.

Est.BI.3.11.1. It argues different evidences that demonstrate the evolutionary fact.

Est.BI.3.12.1. Identify the principles of Darwinian and Neo-Darwinian theory, comparing their differences.

Est.BI.3.13.1. Distinguish the factors that influence gene frequencies.

Est.BI.3.13.2. Understand and apply gene frequency study models in private research and in theoretical models.