10. Molecular genetics

PAU contents

DNA, a molecule that carries hereditary information.
The duplication or replication of DNA.
(Explain the process in prokaryotes. It is not necessary to differentiate the different types of DNA polymerase; With respect to eukaryotes, refer to the S phase of the cell cycle).

Differences with eukaryotes.
Molecular gene concept .
Schematic identification: identify the replication fork, leader strand, delayed strand, Okazaki fragments, and replication complex.

PAU contents

The transcription:
- The transcription. General description of the process in prokaryotes: initiation, elongation and termination. (Knowledge of the maturation of ribosomal and transfer RNAs will not be required).
The translation or biosynthesis of proteins:
- Characteristics of the genetic code. The codon.
- The translation: General description of the process in prokaryotes.
  - Activation of amino acids or formation of the amino acid-transfer RNA complex.
  - Initiation.
  - Exclusively knowing that amino acids have to be activated, without going into molecular details.
  - Elongation (binding of aminoacyl-tRNA, peptide bond and translocation).
  - Termination.

BLOCK 3: Genetics and evolution
CONTENTS: Molecular or chemical genetics of heredity. Identification of DNA as the carrier of genetic information. Gene concept . DNA replication . Stages of replication. Differences between the replicative process between eukaryotes and prokaryotes. The RNA. Types and functions. The expression of genes. Genetic transcription and translation in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. The genetic code in genetic information. Mutations. Types. Mutagenic agents. Mutations and cancer. Implications of mutations in the evolution and appearance of new species. Genetic engineering Current main lines of research. Genetically modified organisms. Genome project: Social repercussions and ethical evaluations of genetic manipulation and new gene therapies. Mendelian genetics. Chromosomal theory of heredity. Sex determinism and sex-linked inheritance influenced by sex. Evidence of the evolutionary process. Darwinism and Neo-Darwinism: The Synthetic Theory of Evolution. Natural selection Beginning. Mutation, recombination and adaptation. Evolution and biodiversity.

Crit.BI.3.1. Analyze the role of DNA as a carrier of genetic information. FCTC-CCL

Est.BI.3.1.1. It describes the structure and chemical composition of DNA, recognizing its biological importance as a molecule responsible for the storage, conservation and transmission of genetic information.

Crit.BI.3.2. Distinguish the stages of replication by differentiating the enzymes involved in it. FCTC

Est.BI.3.2.1. Differentiate the stages of replication and identify the enzymes involved in it .

Crit.BI.3.3. Establish the relationship of DNA with protein synthesis. FCTC

Est.BI.3.3.1. Establishes the relationship of DNA with the process of protein synthesis.

Crit.BI.3.4. Determine the characteristics and functions of RNAs. FCTC

Est.BI.3.4.1. It differentiates the types of RNA, as well as the function of each one of them in the transcription and translation processes.

Est.BI.3.4.2. Recognize the fundamental characteristics of the genetic code by applying this knowledge to solving problems in molecular genetics.

Crit.BI.3.5. Elaborate and interpret diagrams of the replication, transcription and translation processes. FCTC-CCL

Est.BI.3.5.1 -Est.BI.3.5.3. Interprets and explains diagrams of the replication, transcription and translation processes, identifying, distinguishing and differentiating the main enzymes related to these processes.

Est.BI.3.5.2. Solve practical exercises on replication , transcription and translation , and on the application of the genetic code.

Crit.BI.3.6. Define the concept of mutation distinguishing the main types and mutagenic agents. FCTC-CCL

Est.BI.3.6.1. Describes the concept of mutation establishing its relationship with failures in the transmission of genetic information.

Est.BI.3.6.2. Classify mutations by identifying the most common mutagenic agents.

Crit.BI.3.7. Contrast the relationship between mutation and cancer. FCTC

Est.BI.3.7.1. Associates the relationship between the mutation and cancer, determining the risks involved in some mutagenic agents.

Crit.BI.3.8. Develop the most recent advances in the field of genetic engineering, as well as its applications. FCTC-CAA

Est.BI.3.8.1. It summarizes and conducts research on the techniques developed in genetic manipulation processes to obtain transgenic organisms.

Crit.BI.3 9. Analyze progress in the knowledge of the human genome and its influence on new treatments. FCTC-CSC

Est.BI.3.9.1. It recognizes the most recent discoveries about the human genome and its applications in genetic engineering, assessing their ethical and social implications.

Crit.BI.3.10. Formulate the principles of Mendelian Genetics, applying the laws of inheritance in problem solving and FCTC

Est.BI.3.10.1. Analyze and predict by applying the principles of Mendelian genetics, the results of exercises of transmission of autosomal traits, traits linked to sex and influenced by sex.

Crit.BI.3.11. Differentiate different evidences of the evolutionary process. FCTC

Est.BI.3.11.1. It argues different evidences that demonstrate the evolutionary fact.

Crit.BI.3.12. Recognize, differentiate and distinguish the principles of Darwinian and neo-Darwinian theory. FCTC

Est.BI.3.12.1. Identify the principles of Darwinian and Neo-Darwinian theory, comparing their differences.

Crit.BI.3.13. Relate genotype and gene frequencies with population genetics and their influence on evolution. FCTC

Est.BI.3.13.1. Distinguish the factors that influence gene frequencies.

Est.BI.3.13.2. Understand and apply gene frequency study models in private research and in theoretical models.

Crit.BI.3.14. Recognize the importance of mutation and recombination. FCTC

Crit.BI.3.15. Analyze the factors that increase biodiversity and their influence on the speciation process. FCTC

Est.BI.3.14.1. It illustrates the relationship between mutation and recombination, the increase in diversity and its influence on the evolution of living beings.

Est.BI.3.15.1. Distinguish types of speciation, identifying the factors that enable the segregation of an original species into two different species.

BOE Access to the University. Block 3. Genetics and evolution

It describes the structure and chemical composition of DNA, recognizing its biological importance as a molecule responsible for the storage, conservation and transmission of genetic information.
Differentiate the stages of replication and identify the enzymes involved in it.
Establishes the relationship of DNA with the process of protein synthesis.
It differentiates the types of RNA, as well as the function of each of them in the transcription and translation processes.
It recognizes the fundamental characteristics of the genetic code applying this knowledge to the resolution of molecular genetic problems.
Interpret and explain diagrams of the replication, transcription and translation processes .
Solve practical exercises on replication, transcription and translation, and on the application of the genetic code. Identify, distinguish and differentiate the main enzymes related to the transcription and translation processes.
Describes the concept of mutation establishing its relationship with failures in the transmission of genetic information.
Classify mutations by identifying the most common mutagenic agents.
Analyzes and predicts, applying the principles of Mendelian genetics, the results of exercises for the transmission of autosomal traits, traits linked to sex and influenced by sex.
It argues different evidences that demonstrate the evolutionary fact.
Identify the principles of Darwinian and Neo-Darwinian theory, comparing their differences.
It illustrates the relationship between mutation and recombination, the increase in diversity and its influence on the evolution of living beings.

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