3. Lipids

- Concept .
- Most important groups: fatty acids, acylglycerides, phospholipids, glycolipids, steroids.
- Fatty acids: saturated and unsaturated.
- Esterification and saponification concept .
Recognize the ester bond. Formation of a triacylglyceride from the formulas, and reverse reaction (hydrolysis).
- Acylglycerides.
- Membrane lipids: phospholipids and glycolipids. Amphipathic character. Arrangement on the membrane. In the concept of phospholipid, it is not necessary to distinguish between phosphatidylglyceride and other types of polar lipids.
- Steroids Most important steroids: cholesterol (and other sterols), vitamins and hormones .
- Functions of lipids.
Molecular recognition: recognizing whether a molecule is a saturated and unsaturated fatty acid, an acylglyceride, a phospholipid, or a steroid, without identifying the molecule.

BOE Access to the University. Block I. The molecular and physicochemical basis of life

Classify the types of bioelements relating each of them with its proportion and biological function.
It relates the chemical structure of water with its biological functions.
Distinguish the types of mineral salts, relating composition with function.
It contrasts the processes of diffusion, osmosis and dialysis, interpreting their relationship with the saline concentration of the cells.
It recognizes and classifies the different types of organic biomolecules, relating their chemical composition with their structure and function.
Identifies and distinguishes monomers chemical bonds that allow the synthesis of macromolecules: links O-glycosidic, ester bond , peptide bond , O-nucleoside .
Describes the composition and function of the main organic biomolecules.
It contrasts the fundamental role of enzymes as biocatalysts, relating their properties to their catalytic function.
Identify the types of vitamins associating their essential function with the diseases they prevent.

Crit.BI.1.3. Recognize the different types of macromolecules that make up living matter and relate them to their respective biological functions in the cell. FCTC-CIEE-CAA

Est.BI.1.3.1. It recognizes and classifies the different types of organic biomolecules, relating their chemical composition with their structure and function.

Est.BI.1.3.2. Designs and carries out experiments identifying the presence of different organic molecules in biological samples.

Crit.BI.1.4. Identify the types of monomers that make up biological macromolecules and the bonds that join them. FCTC

Est.BI.1.4.1. Identify monomers and distinguish the chemical bonds that allow the synthesis of macromolecules: O-glucosidic bonds, ester bond, peptide bond, O-nucleoside bond.

Crit.BI 1.5. Determine the chemical composition and describe the function, location and examples of the main organic biomolecules. FCTC-CCL

Est.BI.1.5.1. Describes the composition and function of the main organic biomolecules.

Crit.BI.1.6. Understand the biocatalyst function of enzymes, assessing their biological importance. FCTC

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