Intra and interspecific relationships
The biotic relationships are interactions that occur between organisms of the community.
They may be:
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Biology and Geology 4th ESO 8.9.1. Intraspecific and interspecific relationshipsIntra and interspecific relationshipsThe biotic relationships are interactions that occur between organisms of the community. They may be: Intraspecific relationships
The intraspecific relationships are established interactions between individuals of the same species. These relationships can be harmful, if they provoke competition between individuals, or beneficial, if they favor their cooperation.
Biological song: Headless Amantis. The song of the praying mantis.
The relationships of cooperation or association of individuals into groups allows to obtain benefits, such as protecting the young, facilitate reproduction, obtain food or defense. Some of these cooperative relationships are:
Family relationshipsGroups are made up of parents and their descendants. Its main benefit is to facilitate the care of the young and facilitate reproduction. They may be:
Gregarious relationshipsGroups of individuals, not necessarily from the same family, who meet occasionally to search for food, defend themselves, reproduce or migrate. For example, herds of deer, schools of fish, or flocks of migrating birds. Social or state relationsThey are the hierarchical relationships that occur between individuals who could not live individually outside of that social life. Individuals usually present anatomical and physiological differences and have different functions, appearing various categories or castes. For example, ants, termites or bees. For example, ants have a state relationship in which individuals are within a category (queen, worker, drone) performing a function (reproduction, feeding, defense), controlled by the queen. Bees, in their hive, have a queen and hundreds of drones, while the rest are workers. The only function of the drones is to impregnate the queen. The worker bees are sterile females, and they are in charge of making the wax and collecting the nectar from the flowers.
By HoraMora (Own work) [GFDL or CC BY-SA 4.0-3.0-2.5-2.0-1.0], via Wikimedia Commons Colonial relationsThe individuals remain physically united, inseparably, forming colonies. Descendants join their parents to form a common organism to survive, since individuals specialize in different functions (getting food, reproduction, defense, etc.). For example, corals. Animation: Intraspecific relationships. Interspecific relationships of competitionThey are the relationships that are established between individuals of different species of the ecosystem that occupy the same ecological niche. They compete for the same food and occupy the same place in the food chain. They appear when the resource they share is limited, such as electricity, water, food, etc., and the species that is better adapted will be more efficient in the use of those resources and will displace the other. Predation ratioRelationship that is established when one species (predator) feeds on another (prey), which normally dies, to feed. The predator is usually larger than the prey and, in turn, can be prey to another predator. For example, the wolf and the lamb, the cat and the mouse, the big fish and the small fish, etc. Herbivores (sheep, giraffes, etc.) also prey on vegetables. Humor and predationSometimes the predator seems to have trouble hunting its prey. Parasitism ratio
It is a relationship in which one species benefits (parasite) by living at the expense of another that harms itself (host), from which it takes food and even accommodation. It causes damage but without actually killing it, since the survival of the parasite is linked to that of the host and it cannot live without it. Two types of parasites are distinguished:
Video: Child with lice, lots of lice.
By EternamenteAprendiz (Own work) [CC BY-SA 3.0], via Wikimedia Commons Mutualism relationship
In mutualism relationships, the two or more individuals associate temporarily, not permanently or obligatorily (individuals can survive without the help of the other), for mutual benefit. Some examples of mutualism are:
Text with video: Anemone and clown fish. Video: Humans and honey bird. Symbiosis relationshipThe symbiosis is very similar to mutualism, since both species derive benefit, but differ in that it is a forced relationship. The two species cannot live independently and need each other to survive. Some examples of symbiotic relationships are:
Commensalism relationshipRelationship between two species in which one of them (commensal) benefits from the other but without harming it. Some examples of commensalism are:
Video: Remora fish with shark.
Inquilism relationshipThe inquilism is a relationship much like commensalism. A species (tenant) finds shelter in a structure of another organism that does not harm or benefit. Some examples are:
Activity: Interspecific relationships.
Animation: Interspecific relationships.
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