1.6.1. Mitosis

Mitosis

The mitosis is a process of dividing the core in which are distributed equitably chromosomes (DNA strands) between the two daughter cells, so they have the same genetic information and also mirrors that of the cell that originated.

Remember that before mitosis begins, at the interphase, the DNA has been duplicated, although the chromosomes have not yet formed.

The mitosis, in beings unicellular and multicellular some, is a mechanism of asexual reproduction by can increase the number of individuals in the population. On the other hand, in multicellular beings, mitosis allows new cells to appear so that the individual can grow or to replace those that are dying.

The mitosis is a continuous, uninterrupted, but for study is divided into four phases:

Prophase

The main events that occur during prophase are:

Chromatin begins to condense forming chromosomes.
The nuclear envelope fragments until it disappears.
The nucleolus disappears, dispersing in the cytoplasm.
Each centriole, duplicated at the interphase, travels to one end of the cell. Between them, the achromatic spindle is formed, a few protein filaments.
The chromosomes, are attached to a spindle fiber achromatic by the centromere, so that chromatids are oriented toward the poles of the cell.
The chromosomes, once attached to the fibers of the spindle, move towards the center of the cell.

Remember that plant cells do not have centrioles, but the filaments of the achromatic spindle are also formed.

By LadyofHats [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons

Metaphase

The metaphase is the phase with the longest duration, and the main events that occur are:

- The chromosomes are already fully condensed and are located in the center of the cell, forming the equatorial plate.
- Chromosomes are attached to the fibers of the achromatic spindle by the kinetochore of each chromosome.

By LadyofHats [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons

Anaphase

The main events that occur during anaphase are:

The chromatids of the chromosomes are separated at the centromere because the fibers of the achromatic spindle are shortened. Each chromatid is directed towards a centriole, located one at each pole of the cell.
The same number of chromatids go to each pole of the cell, since the chromosomes have been divided into two chromatids.

Ocultar

Anafase

By LadyofHats [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons

Telophase

The main events that occur in telophase are:

The chromosomes begin to uncoil and become chromatin.
Disappearance of the fibers of the achromatic spindle.
Reemergence of the nucleolus.
The formation of the nuclear envelope begins from the rough endoplasmic reticulum. At this time, the cell has two nuclei.

At this point, mitosis would end, but as anaphase ends, cytokinesis begins.

By LadyofHats [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons

Interactive activity: Order the phases of the cell cycle.

Interactive activity: Mitosis.

Shakira's song: Mitosis. With subtitles.

Julinky's Song: Mitosis

Game: Mitosis Move.

Game: Cell mitosis.

Licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike License 4.0

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Skip navigation Biology and Geology 4th ESO Biology and Geology 4º ESO 1. The cell 1.1. Levels of organization of living beings 1.2. Cell theory 1.3. The cell 1.3.1. Prokaryotic cell 1.3.2. Eukaryotic cell 1.3.2.1. Common organelles 1.3.2.2. Organelles of the animal cell 1.3.2.3. Plant cell organelles 1.4. Cell nucleus 1.5. Vital functions of cells 1.6. Cellular cycle 1.6.1. Mitosis 1.6.1.1. Cytokinesis 1.6.2. Meiosis 1.6.2.1. Meiosis I. First meiotic division 1.6.2.2. Meiosis II. Second meiotic division 1.6.2.3. Result of meiosis 1.6.3. Differences between mitosis and meiosis 1.6.4. Biological importance of mitosis and meiosis 1.7. Bibliography 2. Genetic information 2.1. Nucleic acids 2.1.1. DNA 2.1.2. RNA 2.1.3. Control of protein synthesis 2.2. DNA and molecular genetics 2.3. Gene concept 2.4. Replication of DNA 2.5. DNA to RNA transcription 2.6. Genetic code 2.7. Translation of RNA to proteins 2.8. Mutations Relations with evolution 2.9. Biotechnology 2.10. Genetic engineering: techniques and applications 2.10.1. Cloning 2.10.2. Human Genome Project 2.11. Bioethics 2.12. Bibliography 3. Biological inheritance 3.1. The inheritance and transmission of characters 3.2. Introduction and development of Mendel's Laws 3.2.1. Mendel's First Law 3.2.2. Mendel's second law 3.2.3. Mendel's third law 3.3. Chromosomal basis of Mendel's Laws 3.3.1. Exceptions to Mendel's Laws 3.3.2. Chromosomal theory of heredity 3.3.3. Genetics concepts 3.3.4. Types of inheritance 3.4. Human genetics 3.4.1. Inheritance of blood groups 3.4.2. Sex inheritance 3.4.3. Sex-linked inheritance 3.4.4. Heredity influenced by sex 3.5. Genetics problems 3.5.1. Inheritance of a character (problems solved) 3.5.1.1. Albinism (problems solved) 3.5.1.2. Rh groups (problems solved) 3.5.1.3. Eye color (problems solved) 3.5.1.4. More inheritance problems of a character 3.5.1.5. More inheritance problems of a character 3.5.1.6. More inheritance problems of a character 3.5.1.7. More inheritance problems of a character 3.5.2. Two-character inheritance (problems solved) 3.5.2.1. More two-character genetic inheritance solved problems 2 3.5.2.2. More two-character genetic inheritance solved problems 3 3.5.2.3. More two-character genetic inheritance solved problems 4 3.5.2.4. More two-character genetic inheritance solved problems 5 3.5.3. Codominance and intermediate inheritance (problems solved) 3.5.3.1. More codominance and intermediate inheritance problems 2 3.5.4. Sex-linked inheritance (problems solved) 3.5.4.1. Color blindness or daltonism (problems solved) 3.5.4.1.1. More color blindness problems or daltonism 3.5.4.2. Hemophilia (problems solved) 3.5.4.3. Sex-linked inheritance (two characters) 3.5.4.4. More sex-linked inheritance problems 3.5.5. Sex-influenced inheritance (problems solved) 3.5.6. Multiple alleles (problems solved) 3.5.6.1 AB0 blood groups (problems solved) 3.5.6.1.1. More AB0 blood group problems solved 2 3.5.6.1.2. More AB0 blood group problems solved 3 3.5.7. Genealogical trees 3.5.7.1. Family Trees 2 3.5.7.2. Family Trees 3 3.6. Bibliography 4. Origin and evolution of living beings 4.1. Hypothesis about the origin of life on Earth 4.2. Evolution of living beings 4.3. Theories of evolution 4.3.1. Lamarck 4.3.2. Darwin and Wallace 4.3.3. Neo-Darwinism 4.3.4. Other evolutionary theories 4.4. Evidences of evolution 4.4.1. Anatomical evidence of evolution 4.4.2. Embryological evidence of evolution 4.4.3. Paleontological evidence of evolution 4.4.4. Biogeographic evidence of evolution 4.4.5. Biochemical evidence of evolution 4.5. Mechanisms of evolution 4.5.1. Genetic variability 4.5.2. Natural selection 4.5.3. Consequences of evolution 4.5.3.1. Adaptation of organisms 4.5.3.2. Speciation 4.5.3.3. Species diversification 4.6. Human evolution: process of hominization 4.6.1. Primates 4.6.2. Hominids 4.6.3. The human being 4.7. Bibliography 5. The history of the Earth 5.1. The origin of the Earth 5.2. Earth, a changing planet 5.3. Geological time: historical ideas about the age of the Earth 5.4. Dating methods 5.4.1. Relative dating 5.4.1.1. Geological history exercises - relative dating 5.4.2. Absolute dating 5.5. Fossils 5.5.1. Fossils in Aragon 5.6. Geological history of the Earth 5.6.1. Precambrian 5.6.2. Phanerozoic 5.6.2.1. Paleozoic 5.6.2.2. Mesozoic 5.6.2.3. Cenozoic 5.7. Bibliography 6. Structure and dynamics of the Earth 6.1. Earth study methods 6.1.1. Seismic discontinuities 6.2. Structure and composition of the Earth 6.2.1. Geochemical model 6.2.2. Dynamic model 6.3. Bibliography 7. Plate tectonics 7.1. From continental drift to plate tectonics 7.1.1. Wegener continental drift 7.2. Plate Tectonics and its manifestations 7.2.1. Lithospheric plates 7.2.2. Oceanic ridges 7.2.2.1. Expansion of the ocean floor 7.2.3. Ocean trenches 7.2.4. Transforming faults 7.2.5. Formation of mountain ranges 7.3. The Wilson cycle 7.4. Rock deformation 7.4.1. Folds 7.4.2. Faults 7.4.3. Joints 7.4.4. Mixed structures 7.5. Bibliography 8. Ecosystems 8.1. Ecosystem structure 8.1.1. Types of ecosystems 8.1.1.1. Aquatic ecosystems 8.1.1.2. Terrestrial ecosystems 8.1.1.2.1. Urban ecosystems 8.2. Components of the ecosystem: community and biotope 8.2.1. Biotope 8.2.2. Biocenosis or community 8.3. Habitat and ecological niche 8.4. Limiting factors and adaptations 8.5. Tolerance limit 8.6. Trophic levels 8.7. Trophic relationships: chains and networks 8.8. Ecological pyramids 8.9. Self-regulation of the ecosystem, the population and the community 8.9.1. Intra and interspecific relationships 8.10. Matter cycle and energy flow 8.11. Biogeochemical cycles 8.11.1. Carbon cycle 8.11.2. Nitrogen cycle 8.11.3. Phosphorus cycle 8.12. Ecological successions 8.13. Bibliography 9. Resources and environmental impacts 9.1. Human activity and the environment 9.2. Natural resources and their types 9.3. Environmental impacts 9.3.1. Pollution of the atmosphere 9.3.1.1. Air pollutants 9.3.1.2. Acid rain 9.3.1.3. The smog 9.3.1.4. Ozone layer hole 9.3.1.5. Increased greenhouse effect 9.3.1.6. Climate change 9.3.2. Noise pollution 9.3.3. Light pollution 9.3.4. Water contamination 9.3.4.1. Water pollutants 9.3.4.2. Water eutrophication 9.3.4.3. Aquifer reduction 9.4. Soil 9.4.1. Soil contamination 9.5. Main environmental problems of Aragon 9.6. Overpopulation and its consequences 9.7. Waste and its management 9.8. Bibliography and student work « Previous \| Next » 1.6.1. Mitosis Mitosis The mitosis is a process of dividing the core in which are distributed equitably chromosomes (DNA strands) between the two daughter cells, so they have the same genetic information and also mirrors that of the cell that originated. Remember that before mitosis begins, at the interphase, the DNA has been duplicated, although the chromosomes have not yet formed. The mitosis, in beings unicellular and multicellular some, is a mechanism of asexual reproduction by can increase the number of individuals in the population. On the other hand, in multicellular beings, mitosis allows new cells to appear so that the individual can grow or to replace those that are dying. The mitosis is a continuous, uninterrupted, but for study is divided into four phases: Prophase. Metaphase. Anaphase. Telophase. Prophase The main events that occur during prophase are: Chromatin begins to condense forming chromosomes. The nuclear envelope fragments until it disappears. The nucleolus disappears, dispersing in the cytoplasm. Each centriole, duplicated at the interphase, travels to one end of the cell. Between them, the achromatic spindle is formed, a few protein filaments. The chromosomes, are attached to a spindle fiber achromatic by the centromere, so that chromatids are oriented toward the poles of the cell. The chromosomes, once attached to the fibers of the spindle, move towards the center of the cell. Remember that plant cells do not have centrioles, but the filaments of the achromatic spindle are also formed. By LadyofHats [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons By LadyofHats [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons Metaphase The metaphase is the phase with the longest duration, and the main events that occur are: The chromosomes are already fully condensed and are located in the center of the cell, forming the equatorial plate. Chromosomes are attached to the fibers of the achromatic spindle by the kinetochore of each chromosome. By LadyofHats [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons Anaphase The main events that occur during anaphase are: The chromatids of the chromosomes are separated at the centromere because the fibers of the achromatic spindle are shortened. Each chromatid is directed towards a centriole, located one at each pole of the cell. The same number of chromatids go to each pole of the cell, since the chromosomes have been divided into two chromatids. Ocultar By LadyofHats [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons Telophase The main events that occur in telophase are: The chromosomes begin to uncoil and become chromatin. Disappearance of the fibers of the achromatic spindle. Reemergence of the nucleolus. The formation of the nuclear envelope begins from the rough endoplasmic reticulum. At this time, the cell has two nuclei. At this point, mitosis would end, but as anaphase ends, cytokinesis begins. By LadyofHats [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons Interactive activity: Order the phases of the cell cycle. Interactive activity: Mitosis. Shakira's song: Mitosis. With subtitles. Julinky's Song: Mitosis Game: Mitosis Move. Game: Cell mitosis. Licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike License 4.0 « Previous \| Next » You can ask, comment, contribute, get in touch with other users in the forum of this course. This course is translated from https://biologia-geologia.com/BG4/
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Mitosis

Prophase

Metaphase

Anaphase

Telophase