1.3.2. Eukaryotic cell

Eukaryotic cells

The endosymbiotic theory explains that eukaryotic cells arose from the evolution of prokaryotic cells. It appears that some aerobic bacteria and other photosynthetic bacteria were ingested by some prokaryotes and had a symbiotic relationship and evolved together. Thus, mitochondria and chloroplasts were formed, organelles very similar to prokaryotic cells, which gave rise to eukaryotic cells.

Unlike prokaryotic cells, eukaryotes have a cytoskeleton and various organelles that allow them to perform their vital functions.

According to the organelles they have, two types of eukaryotic cells are distinguished:

The eukaryotic animal cells. They have centrioles, their vacuoles are small, they do not have a cell wall or chloroplasts. Animals and protozoa have these types of cells.

By Alejandro Porto [CC0], via Wikimedia Commons

The eukaryotic plant cells. They have a cell wall that surrounds the plasme membrane. They are characterized by having large vacuoles in which they store substances and chloroplasts with which they carry out photosynthesis. Unlike animal cells, they lack centrioles.
Eukaryotic plant cells are characteristic of plants.

Fungi have a cell type very similar to the eukaryotic plant cell, but they do not have chloroplasts, since they are not photosynthetic beings.

Por LadyofHats. translated by Penarc [Public domain], undefined

Licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike License 4.0

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Skip navigation Biology and Geology 4th ESO Biology and Geology 4º ESO 1. The cell 1.1. Levels of organization of living beings 1.2. Cell theory 1.3. The cell 1.3.1. Prokaryotic cell 1.3.2. Eukaryotic cell 1.3.2.1. Common organelles 1.3.2.2. Organelles of the animal cell 1.3.2.3. Plant cell organelles 1.4. Cell nucleus 1.5. Vital functions of cells 1.6. Cellular cycle 1.6.1. Mitosis 1.6.1.1. Cytokinesis 1.6.2. Meiosis 1.6.2.1. Meiosis I. First meiotic division 1.6.2.2. Meiosis II. Second meiotic division 1.6.2.3. Result of meiosis 1.6.3. Differences between mitosis and meiosis 1.6.4. Biological importance of mitosis and meiosis 1.7. Bibliography 2. Genetic information 2.1. Nucleic acids 2.1.1. DNA 2.1.2. RNA 2.1.3. Control of protein synthesis 2.2. DNA and molecular genetics 2.3. Gene concept 2.4. Replication of DNA 2.5. DNA to RNA transcription 2.6. Genetic code 2.7. Translation of RNA to proteins 2.8. Mutations Relations with evolution 2.9. Biotechnology 2.10. Genetic engineering: techniques and applications 2.10.1. Cloning 2.10.2. Human Genome Project 2.11. Bioethics 2.12. Bibliography 3. Biological inheritance 3.1. The inheritance and transmission of characters 3.2. Introduction and development of Mendel's Laws 3.2.1. Mendel's First Law 3.2.2. Mendel's second law 3.2.3. Mendel's third law 3.3. Chromosomal basis of Mendel's Laws 3.3.1. Exceptions to Mendel's Laws 3.3.2. Chromosomal theory of heredity 3.3.3. Genetics concepts 3.3.4. Types of inheritance 3.4. Human genetics 3.4.1. Inheritance of blood groups 3.4.2. Sex inheritance 3.4.3. Sex-linked inheritance 3.4.4. Heredity influenced by sex 3.5. Genetics problems 3.5.1. Inheritance of a character (problems solved) 3.5.1.1. Albinism (problems solved) 3.5.1.2. Rh groups (problems solved) 3.5.1.3. Eye color (problems solved) 3.5.1.4. More inheritance problems of a character 3.5.1.5. More inheritance problems of a character 3.5.1.6. More inheritance problems of a character 3.5.1.7. More inheritance problems of a character 3.5.2. Two-character inheritance (problems solved) 3.5.2.1. More two-character genetic inheritance solved problems 2 3.5.2.2. More two-character genetic inheritance solved problems 3 3.5.2.3. More two-character genetic inheritance solved problems 4 3.5.2.4. More two-character genetic inheritance solved problems 5 3.5.3. Codominance and intermediate inheritance (problems solved) 3.5.3.1. More codominance and intermediate inheritance problems 2 3.5.4. Sex-linked inheritance (problems solved) 3.5.4.1. Color blindness or daltonism (problems solved) 3.5.4.1.1. More color blindness problems or daltonism 3.5.4.2. Hemophilia (problems solved) 3.5.4.3. Sex-linked inheritance (two characters) 3.5.4.4. More sex-linked inheritance problems 3.5.5. Sex-influenced inheritance (problems solved) 3.5.6. Multiple alleles (problems solved) 3.5.6.1 AB0 blood groups (problems solved) 3.5.6.1.1. More AB0 blood group problems solved 2 3.5.6.1.2. More AB0 blood group problems solved 3 3.5.7. Genealogical trees 3.5.7.1. Family Trees 2 3.5.7.2. Family Trees 3 3.6. Bibliography 4. Origin and evolution of living beings 4.1. Hypothesis about the origin of life on Earth 4.2. Evolution of living beings 4.3. Theories of evolution 4.3.1. Lamarck 4.3.2. Darwin and Wallace 4.3.3. Neo-Darwinism 4.3.4. Other evolutionary theories 4.4. Evidences of evolution 4.4.1. Anatomical evidence of evolution 4.4.2. Embryological evidence of evolution 4.4.3. Paleontological evidence of evolution 4.4.4. Biogeographic evidence of evolution 4.4.5. Biochemical evidence of evolution 4.5. Mechanisms of evolution 4.5.1. Genetic variability 4.5.2. Natural selection 4.5.3. Consequences of evolution 4.5.3.1. Adaptation of organisms 4.5.3.2. Speciation 4.5.3.3. Species diversification 4.6. Human evolution: process of hominization 4.6.1. Primates 4.6.2. Hominids 4.6.3. The human being 4.7. Bibliography 5. The history of the Earth 5.1. The origin of the Earth 5.2. Earth, a changing planet 5.3. Geological time: historical ideas about the age of the Earth 5.4. Dating methods 5.4.1. Relative dating 5.4.1.1. Geological history exercises - relative dating 5.4.2. Absolute dating 5.5. Fossils 5.5.1. Fossils in Aragon 5.6. Geological history of the Earth 5.6.1. Precambrian 5.6.2. Phanerozoic 5.6.2.1. Paleozoic 5.6.2.2. Mesozoic 5.6.2.3. Cenozoic 5.7. Bibliography 6. Structure and dynamics of the Earth 6.1. Earth study methods 6.1.1. Seismic discontinuities 6.2. Structure and composition of the Earth 6.2.1. Geochemical model 6.2.2. Dynamic model 6.3. Bibliography 7. Plate tectonics 7.1. From continental drift to plate tectonics 7.1.1. Wegener continental drift 7.2. Plate Tectonics and its manifestations 7.2.1. Lithospheric plates 7.2.2. Oceanic ridges 7.2.2.1. Expansion of the ocean floor 7.2.3. Ocean trenches 7.2.4. Transforming faults 7.2.5. Formation of mountain ranges 7.3. The Wilson cycle 7.4. Rock deformation 7.4.1. Folds 7.4.2. Faults 7.4.3. Joints 7.4.4. Mixed structures 7.5. Bibliography 8. Ecosystems 8.1. Ecosystem structure 8.1.1. Types of ecosystems 8.1.1.1. Aquatic ecosystems 8.1.1.2. Terrestrial ecosystems 8.1.1.2.1. Urban ecosystems 8.2. Components of the ecosystem: community and biotope 8.2.1. Biotope 8.2.2. Biocenosis or community 8.3. Habitat and ecological niche 8.4. Limiting factors and adaptations 8.5. Tolerance limit 8.6. Trophic levels 8.7. Trophic relationships: chains and networks 8.8. Ecological pyramids 8.9. Self-regulation of the ecosystem, the population and the community 8.9.1. Intra and interspecific relationships 8.10. Matter cycle and energy flow 8.11. Biogeochemical cycles 8.11.1. Carbon cycle 8.11.2. Nitrogen cycle 8.11.3. Phosphorus cycle 8.12. Ecological successions 8.13. Bibliography 9. Resources and environmental impacts 9.1. Human activity and the environment 9.2. Natural resources and their types 9.3. Environmental impacts 9.3.1. Pollution of the atmosphere 9.3.1.1. Air pollutants 9.3.1.2. Acid rain 9.3.1.3. The smog 9.3.1.4. Ozone layer hole 9.3.1.5. Increased greenhouse effect 9.3.1.6. Climate change 9.3.2. Noise pollution 9.3.3. Light pollution 9.3.4. Water contamination 9.3.4.1. Water pollutants 9.3.4.2. Water eutrophication 9.3.4.3. Aquifer reduction 9.4. Soil 9.4.1. Soil contamination 9.5. Main environmental problems of Aragon 9.6. Overpopulation and its consequences 9.7. Waste and its management 9.8. Bibliography and student work « Previous \| Next » 1.3.2. Eukaryotic cell Eukaryotic cells The endosymbiotic theory explains that eukaryotic cells arose from the evolution of prokaryotic cells. It appears that some aerobic bacteria and other photosynthetic bacteria were ingested by some prokaryotes and had a symbiotic relationship and evolved together. Thus, mitochondria and chloroplasts were formed, organelles very similar to prokaryotic cells, which gave rise to eukaryotic cells. Unlike prokaryotic cells, eukaryotes have a cytoskeleton and various organelles that allow them to perform their vital functions. According to the organelles they have, two types of eukaryotic cells are distinguished: The eukaryotic animal cells. They have centrioles, their vacuoles are small, they do not have a cell wall or chloroplasts. Animals and protozoa have these types of cells. By Alejandro Porto [CC0], via Wikimedia Commons The eukaryotic plant cells. They have a cell wall that surrounds the plasme membrane. They are characterized by having large vacuoles in which they store substances and chloroplasts with which they carry out photosynthesis. Unlike animal cells, they lack centrioles. Eukaryotic plant cells are characteristic of plants. Fungi have a cell type very similar to the eukaryotic plant cell, but they do not have chloroplasts, since they are not photosynthetic beings. Por LadyofHats. translated by Penarc [Public domain], undefined Licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike License 4.0 « Previous \| Next » You can ask, comment, contribute, get in touch with other users in the forum of this course. This course is translated from https://biologia-geologia.com/BG4/
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Eukaryotic cells