5.9.2. Heart disease

Heart disease

Some of the most important heart diseases are:

Myocardial infarction

A heart attack occurs when one of the coronary arteries that supply the heart becomes blocked with a clot or an atheroma plaque that prevents nutrients and oxygen from reaching the cells, causing part of the heart muscle to die (necrosis). If the affected area is very large, death occurs.

The person who is having a heart attack feels strong pain in the chest that spreads to the side and left side and other parts of the body.

Angina pectoris

The angina is caused by lack of oxygen in the myocardium by a plaque in the arteries coronary and manifested by chest pain and tightness behind the sternum.

It differs from myocardial infarction in that, although it also causes pain in the chest, necrosis of the muscle does not occur.

There are two types of angina pectoris:

Stable angina: it is the most frequent, and it occurs when exercising (lifting weight, doing sports, sexual activity) or emotional stress, lasts a few minutes and is relieved with rest or medication.
Unstable angina: it can appear at rest, causes more pain, lasts longer and is not relieved by rest or medication. It is more serious, and can precede a heart attack.

Heart failure

The heart failure occurs when the heart does not pump whole blood to the organs needed. As there is not enough blood supply, some of the symptoms that appear are the sensation of shortness of breath, fatigue, weakness and accumulation of fluids in the tissues (edema).

Arrhythmias

The cardiac arrhythmia is altered heart rate of the heart. This rhythm is controlled by nodules located on the wall of the heart, which through electrical impulses cause the heart to contract and dilate.

If for some reason these nodules change their rhythm, the blood has more trouble reaching the organs efficiently. The use of a pacemaker allows you to regulate and maintain your heart rate at all times.

Some of the most common arrhythmias are:

Tachycardia : it is an acceleration of the heart rate.
Bradycardia : is the deceleration of the heart rate.

Curiosity: Beethoven and cardiac arrhythmia.

Heart murmur

The heart murmur is an abnormal sound that is perceived with auscultation (using the stethoscope ) produced by the alteration of a heart valve.

Video: Heart murmur.

Interactive activity: Virtual cardiology laboratory.

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Skip navigation Biology and Geology 3rd compulsory secondary education Biology and Geology 3rd ESO 01. General organization of the human body 1.1. Levels of organization of the human body 1.2. The cell 1.2.1. The prokaryotic cell 1.2.2. The eukaryotic cell 1.2.2.1. The eukaryotic animal cell 1.2.2.2. The eukaryotic plant cell 1.3. Tissues 1.4. Organs, systems and apparatus 1.5. Bibliography and student work 02. Food and health 2.1. Feeding and nutrition 2.2. Nutrients 2.2.1. Types of nutrients 2.2.2. The energy of nutrients 2.3. The food 2.4. Diets 2.5. Food consumption 2.5.1. Labelled 2.5.2. How to shop and cook 2.6. Food preservation and hygiene 2.7. Food production 2.7.1. Intensive agriculture 2.7.2. Intensive livestock 2.7.3. Aquaculture 2.7.4. Transgenic foods 2.7.5. Organic food 2.8. Eating-related illnesses 2.9. Bibliography and student work 03. The digestive system and digestion 3.1. Nutrition function 3.2. Digestive system 3.2.1. Ingestion 3.2.1.1. Chewing 3.2.1.2. Insalivation 3.2.1.3. Swallowing 3.2.2. Digestion 3.2.3. Absorption 3.2.4. Expulsion or egestion 3.3. Diseases of the digestive system 3.3.1. Diseases in the mouth 3.3.2. Diseases in the stomach 3.3.3. Diseases in the intestine 3.3.4. Liver disease 3.4. Healthy habits related to the digestive system 3.5. Bibliography and student work 04. The respiratory system and respiration 4.1. Respiratory tract and lungs 4.1.1. Airways 4.1.2. Lungs 4.1.3. The gaseous exchange 4.2. Respiratory activity 4.3. Diseases of the respiratory system 4.4. Healthy habits related to the respiratory system 4.5. Bibliography and student work 05. The circulatory system and circulation 5.1. General organization of the circulatory system 5.2. The blood 5.3. The heart 5.4. Heart movements 5.5. Blood vesels 5.6. Blood pressure 5.7. The blood circulation 5.8. Lymph and lymphatic system 5.9. Diseases of the circulatory system 5.9.1. Diseases of the blood vessels 5.9.2. Heart disease 5.9.3. Blood diseases 5.10. Healthy habits for the circulatory system 5.11. Bibliography and student work 06. The excretory system and excretion 6.1. Excretion 6.2. Urinary system 6.2.1. Kidneys 6.2.2. Urine formation 6.2.3. Urinary tract 6.3. Kidney disease 6.4. Healthy habits for the excretory system 6.5. Bibliography and student work 07. The nervous system 7.1. Relationship function and the nervous system 7.2. Cells of the nervous system 7.2.1. Neuron 7.2.2. Glia 7.3. Nerve impulse 7.4. Organization of the nervous system 7.4.1. The Central Nervous System 7.4.1.1. Encephalon 7.4.1.2. Spinal cord 7.4.2. The Peripheral Nervous System 7.4.2.1. Somatic Nervous System 7.4.2.2. Autonomic nervous system 7.5. Nervous acts 7.6. Nervous system diseases 7.6.1. Brain injuries 7.6.2. Spinal cord injuries 7.6.3. Neuropsychological diseases 7.6.4. Pathologies related to lifestyle 7.7. Healthy habits and mental health 7.8. Drug addiction 7.8.1. Common characteristics of drugs 7.8.2. Classification of drugs 7.9. Bibliography and student work 08. The endocrine system 8.1. The types of responses 8.2. The endocrine system 8.2.1. Endocrine glands 8.2.2. Hormonal control 8.3. Endocrine system diseases 8.4. Bibliography and student work 09. Sensory receptors. The sense organs 9.1. Perception: sensory receptors 9.1.1. The touch and the pain 9.1.2. The sense of smell 9.1.3. Taste 9.1.4. The eye and vision 9.1.5. The ear: hearing and balance 9.2. Healthy habits for the sense organs 9.3. Bibliography and student work 10. Effector organs. The locomotor system 10.1. The skeleton 10.1.1. The bones 10.1.1.1. Bones of the human body 10.1.2. Joints 10.2. Musculature 10.2.1. Muscles of the human body 10.3. Healthy habits of the locomotor system 10.4. Musculoskeletal disorders 10.5. Bibliography and student work 11. Human sexuality and reproduction 11.1. Human reproduction 11.1.1. The male reproductive system 11.1.2. Spermatozoon 11.1.3. The female reproductive system 11.1.4. The ovule 11.1.5. The menstrual cycle 11.1.6. Fertilization, pregnancy and childbirth 11.1.6.1. Fertilization 11.1.6.2. Pregnancy 11.1.6.3. Birth 11.2. Natality control 11.2.1. Contraceptive methods 11.2.2. Reproduction techniques 11.2.2.1. Exploratory techniques 11.2.2.2. Assistance techniques in childbirth 11.2.2.3. Assisted reproductive techniques 11.3. Adolescence and sexuality 11.4. Main sexually transmitted diseases and prevention 11.5. Prevention and sexual hygiene 11.6. Bibliography and student work 12. Health and disease 12.1. What is health? 12.1.1. Health indicators 12.1.2. Health determinants 12.2. The disease and types of diseases 12.3. Infectious diseases 12.3.1. Types of infectious diseases 12.3.2. Immunity and immune system 12.3.3. Prevention and cure of infectious diseases 12.4. Non-infectious diseases 12.5. First aid 12.6. Transplants and donation of cells, blood and organs 12.7. Bibliography and student work 13. Ecosystems 13.1. Ecosystem components 13.2. Types of ecosystems 13.3. Factors influencing the ecosystem 13.4. Balance in ecosystems 13.5. The soil as an ecosystem 13.6. Bibliography and student work 14. The external geological activity of the Earth 14.1. Solar energy on Earth 14.2. External geological processes 14.2.1. Weathering 14.2.2. Erosion, transport and sedimentation 14.3. Factors that condition the modeling of the relief 14.4. Forms of relief modeling 14.4.1. Wild or stream waters 14.4.2. Torrential modeling 14.4.3. River modeling 14.4.4. Karst modeling. Groundwater 14.4.5. Littoral modeling 14.4.6. Glacier modeling 14.4.7. Wind or desert modeling 14.5. Geological action of living beings 14.6. Geological action of the human being 14.7. Bibliography and student work 15. The internal geological activity of the Earth 15.1. The internal energy of the Earth 15.2. Volcanoes 15.2.1. Types of volcanoes 15.2.2. Volcanic risk 15.3. Earthquakes 15.3.1. Seismic risk 15.4. Bibliography and student work « Previous \| Next » 5.9.2. Heart disease Heart disease Some of the most important heart diseases are: Myocardial infarction. Angina pectoris. Heart failure. Arrhythmias. Heart murmur. Myocardial infarction A heart attack occurs when one of the coronary arteries that supply the heart becomes blocked with a clot or an atheroma plaque that prevents nutrients and oxygen from reaching the cells, causing part of the heart muscle to die (necrosis). If the affected area is very large, death occurs. The person who is having a heart attack feels strong pain in the chest that spreads to the side and left side and other parts of the body. Angina pectoris The angina is caused by lack of oxygen in the myocardium by a plaque in the arteries coronary and manifested by chest pain and tightness behind the sternum. It differs from myocardial infarction in that, although it also causes pain in the chest, necrosis of the muscle does not occur. There are two types of angina pectoris: Stable angina: it is the most frequent, and it occurs when exercising (lifting weight, doing sports, sexual activity) or emotional stress, lasts a few minutes and is relieved with rest or medication. Unstable angina: it can appear at rest, causes more pain, lasts longer and is not relieved by rest or medication. It is more serious, and can precede a heart attack. Heart failure The heart failure occurs when the heart does not pump whole blood to the organs needed. As there is not enough blood supply, some of the symptoms that appear are the sensation of shortness of breath, fatigue, weakness and accumulation of fluids in the tissues (edema). Arrhythmias The cardiac arrhythmia is altered heart rate of the heart. This rhythm is controlled by nodules located on the wall of the heart, which through electrical impulses cause the heart to contract and dilate. If for some reason these nodules change their rhythm, the blood has more trouble reaching the organs efficiently. The use of a pacemaker allows you to regulate and maintain your heart rate at all times. Some of the most common arrhythmias are: *Tachycardia* : it is an acceleration of the heart rate. *Bradycardia* : is the deceleration of the heart rate. Curiosity: Beethoven and cardiac arrhythmia. Heart murmur The heart murmur is an abnormal sound that is perceived with auscultation (using the stethoscope ) produced by the alteration of a heart valve. Video: Heart murmur. Interactive activity: Virtual cardiology laboratory. Licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike License 4.0 « Previous \| Next » You can ask, comment, contribute, get in touch with other users in the forum of this course. This course is translated from https://biologia-geologia.com/BG3/
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