5.3. The heart

The heart

In order for blood to travel through the circulatory system, it must be propelled by the heart. The heart is a hollow muscular organ, made up of thick walls of muscular tissue called the myocardium. Its interior is lined by a layer of cells (endocardium), and on the outside it is covered by a double membrane (pericardium).

The heart is divided by a septum into two parts that are not communicated, right and left. Each part has two cavities:

Auricle: in the upper part, small, and with thin walls. They receive the blood from the veins.
Ventricle: below the atrium, with thick walls. They expel blood through the arteries.

The atrium and ventricle on each side are communicated with each other by an atrio-ventricular valve that only allows the passage of blood from the atrium to the ventricle:

Mitral or bicuspid valve: communicates the left atrium with the left ventricle.
Tricuspid valve: communicates the right atrium with the right ventricle.

Partes del corazón

By GarciaGerry (Own work) [GFDL, CC-BY-SA-3.0, GFDL or CC-BY-SA-3.0], via Wikimedia Commons

The heart is made up of cells that, like all cells, need nutrients and produce waste.

The cells that make up the heart, like all other cells, also need nutrients and produce waste. It is the coronary arteries and veins that provide the necessary blood to the heart muscle.

There are several blood vessels that enter or leave the heart :

Veins reaching the atria :
- Right atrium : there are two caval veins coming from the whole body.
- Left atrium : four pulmonary veins arrive.
Arteries leaving the ventricles :
- Right ventricle : the pulmonary artery comes out.
- Left ventricle : the aorta artery that carries blood to all cells of the body leaves .

At the exit of the ventricles there are other valves that prevent the blood that leaves the arteries from returning to the heart, they are the sigmoid valves.

The walls of the atria are thinner than those of the ventricles because they only have to push blood up to the ventricles, whereas the ventricles have to push it much further. The right ventricle, up to the lungs. And the left ventricle, which has the thickest walls, to the entire body.

File:Human heart beating at 61 bpm (Cc-by-3.0).ogg - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. (s. f.). Recuperado 11 de enero de 2014, a partir de http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Human_heart_beating_at_61_bpm_(Cc-by-3.0).ogg#file

Corazón de cordero preparado para su disección

Lamb heart prepared for dissection

Activity: Structure of the heart.

Activity: Parts of the heart.

Activity: Interactive map of the heart.

Game: Parts of the heart.

3D model: Anatomy of the heart.

Song: El Corasón - Rap del Corazón (IES Ramón Pignatelli student).

Puzzle: The heart.

Webquest: The heart.

Answer in your notebook

5.3.- Briefly describe the structure of the heart, indicating the name of the cavities and valves it presents.

Answer in your notebook

5.4.- Why are the walls of the ventricles thicker than those of the atria? Why is the wall of the left ventricle thicker than the right?

Answer in your notebook

5.5.- What would happen if the blood from the left side of the heart mixed with that from the right side?

What is the heart of a giraffe like?

We will see, when we talk about evolution in 4th year of ESO, the advantage that giraffes have to be so tall. Having such long legs and neck allows it to reach heights of almost 6 meters, so it can get its food by eating the high parts of the trees, where other competitors cannot reach. Instead, to drink water they have to adopt very uncomfortable postures that makes them vulnerable. But now we are not on that topic.

Have you ever wondered what a giraffe's heart has to be so that it can pump blood to its brain?

The heart of a giraffe can weigh 11 kilos and is about 60 cm long, and it has to generate twice the blood pressure that humans need for blood to reach the brain, so the wall of the heart can have up to 7.5 cm thick. His heart rate is 160 beats per minute.

It also has a blood pressure regulation system in the neck that prevents excess blood from accumulating in the brain when the giraffe lowers its head. The blood vessels in the legs are under great pressure to prevent excess blood in the legs.

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Skip navigation Biology and Geology 3rd compulsory secondary education Biology and Geology 3rd ESO 01. General organization of the human body 1.1. Levels of organization of the human body 1.2. The cell 1.2.1. The prokaryotic cell 1.2.2. The eukaryotic cell 1.2.2.1. The eukaryotic animal cell 1.2.2.2. The eukaryotic plant cell 1.3. Tissues 1.4. Organs, systems and apparatus 1.5. Bibliography and student work 02. Food and health 2.1. Feeding and nutrition 2.2. Nutrients 2.2.1. Types of nutrients 2.2.2. The energy of nutrients 2.3. The food 2.4. Diets 2.5. Food consumption 2.5.1. Labelled 2.5.2. How to shop and cook 2.6. Food preservation and hygiene 2.7. Food production 2.7.1. Intensive agriculture 2.7.2. Intensive livestock 2.7.3. Aquaculture 2.7.4. Transgenic foods 2.7.5. Organic food 2.8. Eating-related illnesses 2.9. Bibliography and student work 03. The digestive system and digestion 3.1. Nutrition function 3.2. Digestive system 3.2.1. Ingestion 3.2.1.1. Chewing 3.2.1.2. Insalivation 3.2.1.3. Swallowing 3.2.2. Digestion 3.2.3. Absorption 3.2.4. Expulsion or egestion 3.3. Diseases of the digestive system 3.3.1. Diseases in the mouth 3.3.2. Diseases in the stomach 3.3.3. Diseases in the intestine 3.3.4. Liver disease 3.4. Healthy habits related to the digestive system 3.5. Bibliography and student work 04. The respiratory system and respiration 4.1. Respiratory tract and lungs 4.1.1. Airways 4.1.2. Lungs 4.1.3. The gaseous exchange 4.2. Respiratory activity 4.3. Diseases of the respiratory system 4.4. Healthy habits related to the respiratory system 4.5. Bibliography and student work 05. The circulatory system and circulation 5.1. General organization of the circulatory system 5.2. The blood 5.3. The heart 5.4. Heart movements 5.5. Blood vesels 5.6. Blood pressure 5.7. The blood circulation 5.8. Lymph and lymphatic system 5.9. Diseases of the circulatory system 5.9.1. Diseases of the blood vessels 5.9.2. Heart disease 5.9.3. Blood diseases 5.10. Healthy habits for the circulatory system 5.11. Bibliography and student work 06. The excretory system and excretion 6.1. Excretion 6.2. Urinary system 6.2.1. Kidneys 6.2.2. Urine formation 6.2.3. Urinary tract 6.3. Kidney disease 6.4. Healthy habits for the excretory system 6.5. Bibliography and student work 07. The nervous system 7.1. Relationship function and the nervous system 7.2. Cells of the nervous system 7.2.1. Neuron 7.2.2. Glia 7.3. Nerve impulse 7.4. Organization of the nervous system 7.4.1. The Central Nervous System 7.4.1.1. Encephalon 7.4.1.2. Spinal cord 7.4.2. The Peripheral Nervous System 7.4.2.1. Somatic Nervous System 7.4.2.2. Autonomic nervous system 7.5. Nervous acts 7.6. Nervous system diseases 7.6.1. Brain injuries 7.6.2. Spinal cord injuries 7.6.3. Neuropsychological diseases 7.6.4. Pathologies related to lifestyle 7.7. Healthy habits and mental health 7.8. Drug addiction 7.8.1. Common characteristics of drugs 7.8.2. Classification of drugs 7.9. Bibliography and student work 08. The endocrine system 8.1. The types of responses 8.2. The endocrine system 8.2.1. Endocrine glands 8.2.2. Hormonal control 8.3. Endocrine system diseases 8.4. Bibliography and student work 09. Sensory receptors. The sense organs 9.1. Perception: sensory receptors 9.1.1. The touch and the pain 9.1.2. The sense of smell 9.1.3. Taste 9.1.4. The eye and vision 9.1.5. The ear: hearing and balance 9.2. Healthy habits for the sense organs 9.3. Bibliography and student work 10. Effector organs. The locomotor system 10.1. The skeleton 10.1.1. The bones 10.1.1.1. Bones of the human body 10.1.2. Joints 10.2. Musculature 10.2.1. Muscles of the human body 10.3. Healthy habits of the locomotor system 10.4. Musculoskeletal disorders 10.5. Bibliography and student work 11. Human sexuality and reproduction 11.1. Human reproduction 11.1.1. The male reproductive system 11.1.2. Spermatozoon 11.1.3. The female reproductive system 11.1.4. The ovule 11.1.5. The menstrual cycle 11.1.6. Fertilization, pregnancy and childbirth 11.1.6.1. Fertilization 11.1.6.2. Pregnancy 11.1.6.3. Birth 11.2. Natality control 11.2.1. Contraceptive methods 11.2.2. Reproduction techniques 11.2.2.1. Exploratory techniques 11.2.2.2. Assistance techniques in childbirth 11.2.2.3. Assisted reproductive techniques 11.3. Adolescence and sexuality 11.4. Main sexually transmitted diseases and prevention 11.5. Prevention and sexual hygiene 11.6. Bibliography and student work 12. Health and disease 12.1. What is health? 12.1.1. Health indicators 12.1.2. Health determinants 12.2. The disease and types of diseases 12.3. Infectious diseases 12.3.1. Types of infectious diseases 12.3.2. Immunity and immune system 12.3.3. Prevention and cure of infectious diseases 12.4. Non-infectious diseases 12.5. First aid 12.6. Transplants and donation of cells, blood and organs 12.7. Bibliography and student work 13. Ecosystems 13.1. Ecosystem components 13.2. Types of ecosystems 13.3. Factors influencing the ecosystem 13.4. Balance in ecosystems 13.5. The soil as an ecosystem 13.6. Bibliography and student work 14. The external geological activity of the Earth 14.1. Solar energy on Earth 14.2. External geological processes 14.2.1. Weathering 14.2.2. Erosion, transport and sedimentation 14.3. Factors that condition the modeling of the relief 14.4. Forms of relief modeling 14.4.1. Wild or stream waters 14.4.2. Torrential modeling 14.4.3. River modeling 14.4.4. Karst modeling. Groundwater 14.4.5. Littoral modeling 14.4.6. Glacier modeling 14.4.7. Wind or desert modeling 14.5. Geological action of living beings 14.6. Geological action of the human being 14.7. Bibliography and student work 15. The internal geological activity of the Earth 15.1. The internal energy of the Earth 15.2. Volcanoes 15.2.1. Types of volcanoes 15.2.2. Volcanic risk 15.3. Earthquakes 15.3.1. Seismic risk 15.4. Bibliography and student work « Previous \| Next » 5.3. The heart The heart In order for blood to travel through the circulatory system, it must be propelled by the heart. The heart is a hollow muscular organ, made up of thick walls of muscular tissue called the myocardium. Its interior is lined by a layer of cells (endocardium), and on the outside it is covered by a double membrane (pericardium). The heart is divided by a septum into two parts that are not communicated, right and left. Each part has two cavities: Auricle: in the upper part, small, and with thin walls. They receive the blood from the veins. Ventricle: below the atrium, with thick walls. They expel blood through the arteries. The atrium and ventricle on each side are communicated with each other by an atrio-ventricular valve that only allows the passage of blood from the atrium to the ventricle: Mitral or bicuspid valve: communicates the left atrium with the left ventricle. Tricuspid valve: communicates the right atrium with the right ventricle. By GarciaGerry (Own work) [GFDL, CC-BY-SA-3.0, GFDL or CC-BY-SA-3.0], via Wikimedia Commons The heart is made up of cells that, like all cells, need nutrients and produce waste. The cells that make up the heart, like all other cells, also need nutrients and produce waste. It is the coronary arteries and veins that provide the necessary blood to the heart muscle. There are several blood vessels that enter or leave the heart : Veins reaching the atria : Right atrium : there are two caval veins coming from the whole body. Left atrium : four pulmonary veins arrive. Arteries leaving the ventricles : Right ventricle : the pulmonary artery comes out. Left ventricle : the aorta artery that carries blood to all cells of the body leaves . At the exit of the ventricles there are other valves that prevent the blood that leaves the arteries from returning to the heart, they are the sigmoid valves. The walls of the atria are thinner than those of the ventricles because they only have to push blood up to the ventricles, whereas the ventricles have to push it much further. The right ventricle, up to the lungs. And the left ventricle, which has the thickest walls, to the entire body. File:Human heart beating at 61 bpm (Cc-by-3.0).ogg - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. (s. f.). Recuperado 11 de enero de 2014, a partir de http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Human_heart_beating_at_61_bpm_(Cc-by-3.0).ogg#file Lamb heart prepared for dissection Activity: Structure of the heart. Activity: Parts of the heart. Activity: Interactive map of the heart. Game: Parts of the heart. 3D model: Anatomy of the heart. Song: El Corasón - Rap del Corazón (IES Ramón Pignatelli student). Puzzle: The heart. Webquest: The heart. Answer in your notebook 5.3.- Briefly describe the structure of the heart, indicating the name of the cavities and valves it presents. Answer in your notebook 5.4.- Why are the walls of the ventricles thicker than those of the atria? Why is the wall of the left ventricle thicker than the right? Answer in your notebook 5.5.- What would happen if the blood from the left side of the heart mixed with that from the right side? What is the heart of a giraffe like? We will see, when we talk about evolution in 4th year of ESO, the advantage that giraffes have to be so tall. Having such long legs and neck allows it to reach heights of almost 6 meters, so it can get its food by eating the high parts of the trees, where other competitors cannot reach. Instead, to drink water they have to adopt very uncomfortable postures that makes them vulnerable. But now we are not on that topic. Have you ever wondered what a giraffe's heart has to be so that it can pump blood to its brain? The heart of a giraffe can weigh 11 kilos and is about 60 cm long, and it has to generate twice the blood pressure that humans need for blood to reach the brain, so the wall of the heart can have up to 7.5 cm thick. His heart rate is 160 beats per minute. It also has a blood pressure regulation system in the neck that prevents excess blood from accumulating in the brain when the giraffe lowers its head. The blood vessels in the legs are under great pressure to prevent excess blood in the legs. Licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike License 4.0 « Previous \| Next » You can ask, comment, contribute, get in touch with other users in the forum of this course. This course is translated from https://biologia-geologia.com/BG3/
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The heart