3.3.3. Diseases in the intestine

Diseases in the intestine

Appendicitis

The appendicitis inflammation caused by infection of the appendix, with the small extension of the blind large intestine, which has no function in humans. There is severe pain in the lower right part of the abdomen with nausea, vomiting and fever .

If it is not treated in time, it can lead to a perforation of the intestine. The normal treatment is its surgical removal.

Curiosity: Rógozov, the man who treated himself with appendicitis

Yes, I know it is almost as incredible as when James Bond self- defibrillated in Casino Royale , but the story of Leonid Ivanovich Rogozov is no less. Leonid Rogozov was a Russian doctor born in 1934 who, between 1960 and 1961, participated in the sixth Soviet Antarctic Expedition. He was the only doctor in the group stationed at the Novolázarevskaya Base. While there he developed appendicitis that forced him to have an appendectomy, which made him famous for his self-surgery.

On April 29, 1961, Rogozov began to feel ill. He had general weakness, fever, and pain in the right side of his abdomen. Signs of appendicitis soon became apparent. He had to be taken to another base, but the closest one was 3074 km away, and as there was no availability of a plane, his appendix would not resist and he would suffer appendicitis that would cause death. So Rogozov had two options: die or perform the surgery himself. The second option seemed better to him.

Rózogov had the help of the tractor driver and the expedition meteorologist, who helped him by bringing the instruments closer to him and with a mirror so that he could see what his vision could not directly reach. An incision of about 12 cm was made to locate the appendix, and although it was difficult for him to find it, after several pauses to rest due to his general weakness and nausea, the operation was successfully completed.

After five days, Rogozov stopped having a fever, and two days later he removed the stitches. Two weeks later he was working normally.

Rogozov died in 2000 of lung cancer.

Video: The man who operated on himself.

Stomach flu

The gastroenteritis is a disease characterized by inflammation ("itis") of the gastrointestinal tract comprises the stomach ("gastro"-) and small intestine ("whole"-). It is caused by an infection of the stomach and intestine caused by parasites, viruses, or bacteria such as Salmonella .

The main symptoms are abdominal pain, diarrhea, and vomiting. The treatment consists of replacing the water and salts, with a soft diet, and if it is produced by bacteria, with antibiotics. It is also called colitis.

Diarrhea

The diarrhea is not a disease but a symptom of another disease. The diarrhea is an alteration of the characterized feces by increasing the volume, flow and stool frequency compared with physiological conditions normal, leading to a low absorption of liquids and nutrients, and may be accompanied by abdominal pain, fever, nausea, vomiting, weakness, or loss of appetite.

The causes of diarrhea are very varied, such as gastroenteritis, food poisoning, viral or bacterial infections, inflammatory bowel diseases such as ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease, and it can also be caused by emotional stress.

To avoid dehydration, we must follow a soft diet and drink plenty of fluids that contain mineral salts, not water alone.

Constipation

The constipation is the difficulty in evacuating stools to have little mobility in the large intestine. As the remains of digestion remain in the large intestine for a long time, a large amount of water is absorbed, so the stool becomes less fluid and its expulsion is difficult.

The cause of constipation is due to an incorrect diet, low in fluids and fiber (cellulose) since it retains fluids and the lack of physical exercise. It is the most common digestive disorder, especially in women. Treatment consists of taking laxatives but only when the problem is serious, without taking them regularly. The solution would be to switch to a diet with more fiber and avoid being sedentary.

Curiosity: Cayetano Martínez de Irujo.

Answer in your notebook

3.18.- What advice would you give to a person who has constipation?

Hemorrhoids

The hemorrhoids (or piles) are varicose veins or inflammation of the veins in the rectum and anus.

The main symptom of hemorrhoids is itching and pain in the anal region and bright red blood in the stool, on the toilet paper or in the toilet.

The hemorrhoids usually arise as a result of the effort to evacuate the intestine, but can be caused by other factors such as pregnancy, chronic constipation, diarrhea or aging.

Treatment would include changes in diet, warm baths, and use of creams to reduce inflammation. In more serious cases, it is necessary to resort to surgery.

By WikipedianProlific, translated by Rage against (Image:Hemorrhoid.png) [GFDL or CC BY 3.0], via Wikimedia Commons

Licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike License 4.0

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Skip navigation Biology and Geology 3rd compulsory secondary education Biology and Geology 3rd ESO 01. General organization of the human body 1.1. Levels of organization of the human body 1.2. The cell 1.2.1. The prokaryotic cell 1.2.2. The eukaryotic cell 1.2.2.1. The eukaryotic animal cell 1.2.2.2. The eukaryotic plant cell 1.3. Tissues 1.4. Organs, systems and apparatus 1.5. Bibliography and student work 02. Food and health 2.1. Feeding and nutrition 2.2. Nutrients 2.2.1. Types of nutrients 2.2.2. The energy of nutrients 2.3. The food 2.4. Diets 2.5. Food consumption 2.5.1. Labelled 2.5.2. How to shop and cook 2.6. Food preservation and hygiene 2.7. Food production 2.7.1. Intensive agriculture 2.7.2. Intensive livestock 2.7.3. Aquaculture 2.7.4. Transgenic foods 2.7.5. Organic food 2.8. Eating-related illnesses 2.9. Bibliography and student work 03. The digestive system and digestion 3.1. Nutrition function 3.2. Digestive system 3.2.1. Ingestion 3.2.1.1. Chewing 3.2.1.2. Insalivation 3.2.1.3. Swallowing 3.2.2. Digestion 3.2.3. Absorption 3.2.4. Expulsion or egestion 3.3. Diseases of the digestive system 3.3.1. Diseases in the mouth 3.3.2. Diseases in the stomach 3.3.3. Diseases in the intestine 3.3.4. Liver disease 3.4. Healthy habits related to the digestive system 3.5. Bibliography and student work 04. The respiratory system and respiration 4.1. Respiratory tract and lungs 4.1.1. Airways 4.1.2. Lungs 4.1.3. The gaseous exchange 4.2. Respiratory activity 4.3. Diseases of the respiratory system 4.4. Healthy habits related to the respiratory system 4.5. Bibliography and student work 05. The circulatory system and circulation 5.1. General organization of the circulatory system 5.2. The blood 5.3. The heart 5.4. Heart movements 5.5. Blood vesels 5.6. Blood pressure 5.7. The blood circulation 5.8. Lymph and lymphatic system 5.9. Diseases of the circulatory system 5.9.1. Diseases of the blood vessels 5.9.2. Heart disease 5.9.3. Blood diseases 5.10. Healthy habits for the circulatory system 5.11. Bibliography and student work 06. The excretory system and excretion 6.1. Excretion 6.2. Urinary system 6.2.1. Kidneys 6.2.2. Urine formation 6.2.3. Urinary tract 6.3. Kidney disease 6.4. Healthy habits for the excretory system 6.5. Bibliography and student work 07. The nervous system 7.1. Relationship function and the nervous system 7.2. Cells of the nervous system 7.2.1. Neuron 7.2.2. Glia 7.3. Nerve impulse 7.4. Organization of the nervous system 7.4.1. The Central Nervous System 7.4.1.1. Encephalon 7.4.1.2. Spinal cord 7.4.2. The Peripheral Nervous System 7.4.2.1. Somatic Nervous System 7.4.2.2. Autonomic nervous system 7.5. Nervous acts 7.6. Nervous system diseases 7.6.1. Brain injuries 7.6.2. Spinal cord injuries 7.6.3. Neuropsychological diseases 7.6.4. Pathologies related to lifestyle 7.7. Healthy habits and mental health 7.8. Drug addiction 7.8.1. Common characteristics of drugs 7.8.2. Classification of drugs 7.9. Bibliography and student work 08. The endocrine system 8.1. The types of responses 8.2. The endocrine system 8.2.1. Endocrine glands 8.2.2. Hormonal control 8.3. Endocrine system diseases 8.4. Bibliography and student work 09. Sensory receptors. The sense organs 9.1. Perception: sensory receptors 9.1.1. The touch and the pain 9.1.2. The sense of smell 9.1.3. Taste 9.1.4. The eye and vision 9.1.5. The ear: hearing and balance 9.2. Healthy habits for the sense organs 9.3. Bibliography and student work 10. Effector organs. The locomotor system 10.1. The skeleton 10.1.1. The bones 10.1.1.1. Bones of the human body 10.1.2. Joints 10.2. Musculature 10.2.1. Muscles of the human body 10.3. Healthy habits of the locomotor system 10.4. Musculoskeletal disorders 10.5. Bibliography and student work 11. Human sexuality and reproduction 11.1. Human reproduction 11.1.1. The male reproductive system 11.1.2. Spermatozoon 11.1.3. The female reproductive system 11.1.4. The ovule 11.1.5. The menstrual cycle 11.1.6. Fertilization, pregnancy and childbirth 11.1.6.1. Fertilization 11.1.6.2. Pregnancy 11.1.6.3. Birth 11.2. Natality control 11.2.1. Contraceptive methods 11.2.2. Reproduction techniques 11.2.2.1. Exploratory techniques 11.2.2.2. Assistance techniques in childbirth 11.2.2.3. Assisted reproductive techniques 11.3. Adolescence and sexuality 11.4. Main sexually transmitted diseases and prevention 11.5. Prevention and sexual hygiene 11.6. Bibliography and student work 12. Health and disease 12.1. What is health? 12.1.1. Health indicators 12.1.2. Health determinants 12.2. The disease and types of diseases 12.3. Infectious diseases 12.3.1. Types of infectious diseases 12.3.2. Immunity and immune system 12.3.3. Prevention and cure of infectious diseases 12.4. Non-infectious diseases 12.5. First aid 12.6. Transplants and donation of cells, blood and organs 12.7. Bibliography and student work 13. Ecosystems 13.1. Ecosystem components 13.2. Types of ecosystems 13.3. Factors influencing the ecosystem 13.4. Balance in ecosystems 13.5. The soil as an ecosystem 13.6. Bibliography and student work 14. The external geological activity of the Earth 14.1. Solar energy on Earth 14.2. External geological processes 14.2.1. Weathering 14.2.2. Erosion, transport and sedimentation 14.3. Factors that condition the modeling of the relief 14.4. Forms of relief modeling 14.4.1. Wild or stream waters 14.4.2. Torrential modeling 14.4.3. River modeling 14.4.4. Karst modeling. Groundwater 14.4.5. Littoral modeling 14.4.6. Glacier modeling 14.4.7. Wind or desert modeling 14.5. Geological action of living beings 14.6. Geological action of the human being 14.7. Bibliography and student work 15. The internal geological activity of the Earth 15.1. The internal energy of the Earth 15.2. Volcanoes 15.2.1. Types of volcanoes 15.2.2. Volcanic risk 15.3. Earthquakes 15.3.1. Seismic risk 15.4. Bibliography and student work « Previous \| Next » 3.3.3. Diseases in the intestine Diseases in the intestine Appendicitis. Stomach flu (Gastroenteritis). Diarrhea. Constipation. Hemorrhoids. Appendicitis The appendicitis inflammation caused by infection of the *appendix, with the small extension of the blind large intestine, which has no function in humans. There is severe pain in the lower right part of the abdomen with nausea, vomiting and fever . If it is not treated in time, it can lead to a perforation of the intestine. The normal treatment is its surgical removal. Curiosity: Rógozov, the man who treated himself with appendicitis Yes, I know it is almost as incredible as when James Bond self-* defibrillated in Casino Royale , but the story of Leonid Ivanovich Rogozov is no less. Leonid Rogozov was a Russian doctor born in 1934 who, between 1960 and 1961, participated in the sixth Soviet Antarctic Expedition. He was the only doctor in the group stationed at the Novolázarevskaya Base. While there he developed appendicitis that forced him to have an appendectomy, which made him famous for his self-surgery. On April 29, 1961, Rogozov began to feel ill. He had general weakness, fever, and pain in the right side of his abdomen. Signs of appendicitis soon became apparent. He had to be taken to another base, but the closest one was 3074 km away, and as there was no availability of a plane, his appendix would not resist and he would suffer appendicitis that would cause death. So Rogozov had two options: die or perform the surgery himself. The second option seemed better to him. Rózogov had the help of the tractor driver and the expedition meteorologist, who helped him by bringing the instruments closer to him and with a mirror so that he could see what his vision could not directly reach. An incision of about 12 cm was made to locate the appendix, and although it was difficult for him to find it, after several pauses to rest due to his general weakness and nausea, the operation was successfully completed. After five days, Rogozov stopped having a fever, and two days later he removed the stitches. Two weeks later he was working normally. Rogozov died in 2000 of lung cancer. Video: The man who operated on himself. Stomach flu The gastroenteritis is a disease characterized by inflammation ("itis") of the gastrointestinal tract comprises the stomach ("gastro"-) and small intestine ("whole"-). It is caused by an infection of the stomach and intestine caused by parasites, viruses, or bacteria such as Salmonella . The main symptoms are abdominal pain, diarrhea, and vomiting. The treatment consists of replacing the water and salts, with a soft diet, and if it is produced by bacteria, with antibiotics. It is also called colitis. Diarrhea The diarrhea is not a disease but a symptom of another disease. The diarrhea is an alteration of the characterized feces by increasing the volume, flow and stool frequency compared with physiological conditions normal, leading to a low absorption of liquids and nutrients, and may be accompanied by abdominal pain, fever, nausea, vomiting, weakness, or loss of appetite. The causes of diarrhea are very varied, such as gastroenteritis, food poisoning, viral or bacterial infections, inflammatory bowel diseases such as ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease, and it can also be caused by emotional stress. To avoid dehydration, we must follow a soft diet and drink plenty of fluids that contain mineral salts, not water alone. Constipation The constipation is the difficulty in evacuating stools to have little mobility in the large intestine. As the remains of digestion remain in the large intestine for a long time, a large amount of water is absorbed, so the stool becomes less fluid and its expulsion is difficult. The cause of constipation is due to an incorrect diet, low in fluids and fiber (cellulose) since it retains fluids and the lack of physical exercise. It is the most common digestive disorder, especially in women. Treatment consists of taking laxatives but only when the problem is serious, without taking them regularly. The solution would be to switch to a diet with more fiber and avoid being sedentary. Curiosity: Cayetano Martínez de Irujo. Answer in your notebook 3.18.- What advice would you give to a person who has constipation? Hemorrhoids The hemorrhoids (or piles) are varicose veins or inflammation of the veins in the rectum and anus. The main symptom of hemorrhoids is itching and pain in the anal region and bright red blood in the stool, on the toilet paper or in the toilet. The hemorrhoids usually arise as a result of the effort to evacuate the intestine, but can be caused by other factors such as pregnancy, chronic constipation, diarrhea or aging. Treatment would include changes in diet, warm baths, and use of creams to reduce inflammation. In more serious cases, it is necessary to resort to surgery. By WikipedianProlific, translated by Rage against (Image:Hemorrhoid.png) [GFDL or CC BY 3.0], via Wikimedia Commons Licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike License 4.0 « Previous \| Next » You can ask, comment, contribute, get in touch with other users in the forum of this course. This course is translated from https://biologia-geologia.com/BG3/
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